清代是距今最近的中国封建朝代，横跨十七世纪中期到二十世纪初的二百六十余年，经历了完整的王朝兴衰周期。由于清朝政府长期忽视货币制度建设和管理，其存续期间货币混乱，白银、铜钱、纸钞、黄金各行其道，致使货币总量、各种货币间比价以及商品价格不断变化，深刻影响了经济社会发展乃至社会稳定。过往学者依据清代官方、民间的留存史料，整理出了一系列货币相关数据。其中，以白银为代表的货币跨境流动及境内产出、白银与铜钱比价变动、各种物价的数据较为丰富可靠。本文在交叉印证前人数据的基础上，以现代经济学的方法和视角，为宏观经济研究中的重要参考——货币供应量、通货膨胀、贫富分化，在清代分别找到了较为可靠的代表性指标，并归纳了逐年具体数值。同时，本文以农民起义和被动战争次数作为社会稳定的代表性指标，分析其与前述经济指标之间的关系。清代数据显示，通货膨胀对社会稳定影响较大，货币供应量变化次之，贫富分化则与社会稳定关系较弱。本文的研究方法和结论为理解和分析当前宏观经济社会问题提供了一个较为新颖的思路。
The Qing Dynasty is the most recent Chinese feudal dynasty, spanning more than 260 years, which experienced a complete cycle of dynastic rise and fall. As the Qing government ignored the construction and management of monetary system for a long time, the currency was in chaos during its existence. Silver, copper, banknotes and gold went their own way, resulting in constant changes in the total amount of money, the ratio of prices among various currencies and commercial prices, which profoundly affected economic and social development and even social stability. Previous scholars sorted out a series of currency-related data based on official and folk retained historical materials of the Qing Dynasty. Among them, the data of cross-border currency flow and domestic output represented by silver, the change of the price ratio between silver and copper, and various prices are abundant and reliable. On the basis of cross-verifying the previous data and using the methods and perspectives of modern economics, this paper found relatively reliable representative indicators of money supply, inflation and fortune gap in the Qing Dynasty, which are important references in macroeconomic research, and summarized the specific values of each year. At the same time, this paper takes the number of peasant uprisings and passive wars as representative indicators of social stability. The data of Qing Dynasty show that inflation has a great impact on social stability, followed by the change of money supply, and the relationship between the fortune gap and social stability is weak. The research method and conclusion of this paper provide a relatively new idea for understanding and analyzing the current macroeconomic and social problems.
