质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）作为一种直接利用清洁能源发电的能源转化装置，能量转化效率高，可实现零排放，在分布式能源领域有着广阔的应用前景。本文基于大功率热电联产系统的使用需求，开展了百千瓦PEMFC热电联产系统的设计、建模与稳态动态特性分析工作。在系统设计工作中，本文对燃料处理路线与热回收设计进行了分析。对比了不同天然气制氢工艺与H2提纯净化技术的优势与缺陷，基于大功率系统燃料处理能力与结构紧凑要求，选用天然气蒸气重整为制氢方式，单级中温水气变换与两级变压吸附（PSA）联用进行合成气净化，产品H2满足PEMFC要求。在系统工艺流程主框架下进行热回收设计分析，对流程中放热与预热过程的能量与温度变化进行核算，基于放热量大于吸热量，放热温区高于吸热温区，换热温差区间小，高热量变化过程拆分的原则匹配换热路径，从而建立完整的PEMFC热电联产系统流程。在系统模型构建中，对关键部件进行了详细建模分析。在Aspen Custom Modelder平台中建立了PEMFC数学模型，在Aspen Plus平台中建立了蒸气重整转化炉、水气变换反应器动力学参数模型，并进行了关键部件模型的验证，分析部件模型的运行特性，然后结合Aspen Plus内置模型库搭建了百千瓦PEMFC热电联产系统模型。在系统模拟工作中，基于稳态模型分析不同操作条件、不同设计方案下系统性能，研究发现：蒸气重整转化炉、PEMFC等关键设备运行参数对系统性能有显著影响，适当降低转化炉温度与重整水碳比有利于提升系统的电效率与?效率，但热效率降低；系统低负荷运行时，系统电/?效率提升；提高电堆工作压力能显著改善系统电效率，但对该系统而言提升阳极压力为更合理的运行策略；PEMFC燃料利用率变化时，系统电功率、热效率波动幅度较大，而对电/?效率的影响较小；系统的排气温度主要影响热效率，其中系统热效率对电池阴极尾气排放温度变化更敏感。当PEMFC热电联产系统分别采用CO优先氧化、常温变压吸附（PSA）与中温PSA工艺进行H2提纯时，使用中温PSA系统电效率、?效率与综合效率更高，可作为优化系统的一种参考方案。基于动态模型研究了系统的动态响应特性，结果表明：百千瓦PEMFC热电联产系统具有良好的响应特性，对变工况条件能快速反应，其中燃料处理段工作参数变化的响应过渡时间长于PEMFC工作参数变化的情况。在系统运行中，尽量避免大幅度工况变化，采取逐级步进的方式进行调节。

As an energy conversion device with high energy conversion efficiency and zero emission, proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) can directly use clean energy to generate electricity, which has broad application prospects in distributed energy. Based on the use requirements of high-power combined heat and power system, this paper carried out the design, modeling, steady-state and dynamic characteristics analysis of a 100 kW PEMFC cogeneration system.In the system design work, this paper analyzed the system fuel processing technology route and heat recovery design. The advantages and defects of different natural gas hydrogen production processes and H2 purification technology were compared. Based on the requirements of fuel processing capacity and compact structure of high-power system, natural gas steam reforming was selected as hydrogen production mode, and single-stage medium temperature water gas shift combined with two-stage pressure swing adsorption (PSA) was used to purify syngas, the product H2 met the gas requirements of PEMFC. The heat recovery design and analysis were carried out under the main framework of the system process flow, and the energy and temperature changes in the process of heat release and preheating were calculated. Then the heat transfer path was matched based on the principle that the heat release is greater than heat absorption, the heat release temperature range is higher than heat absorption temperature range, the heat transfer temperature difference range is small and the high heat change process is split, so as to establish a complete PEMFC combined heat and power system process.In the construction of system model, the key components were modeled and analyzed in detail. The PEMFC mathematical model was established in Aspen Custom Modelder platform. The dynamic parameter models of the steam reforming converter and the water-gas shift reactor were established in Aspen Plus platform. The key component models were verified, and the operation characteristics were analyzed. Then, a 100 kW PEMFC combined heat and power model was built by combining with the built-in model library of Aspen Plus.In system simulation work, the performance analysis of the system under different operating conditions and different design schemes was carried out based on the steady-state model. This study found that the operating parameters of key equipment such as steam reforming converter and PEMFC had a significant effect on the system performance. Appropriately reducing the temperature of the converter and the ratio of reforming water to carbon was conducive to improving the electrical efficiency and exergy efficiency of the system, but the thermal efficiency was reduced. When the system runs at low load, the electrical efficiency and exergy efficiency of the system is improved. Increasing the working pressure of PEMFC can significantly improve the electrical efficiency of the system, but increasing the anode pressure is a more reasonable operation strategy for the system. When the fuel utilization rate of PEMFC changed, the electrical power and thermal efficiency of the system fluctuated greatly, while the impact on the electrical/exergy efficiency was small. The exhaust temperature of the system mainly affects the thermal efficiency, which is more sensitive to the temperature change of cathode exhaust emission. When CO preferential oxidation, PSA and elevated temperature PSA (ET-PSA) were used for H2 purification in PEMFC combined heat and power system, the system electrical efficiency, exergy efficiency and comprehensive efficiency was higher with ET-PSA, which could be used as a reference scheme for optimizing the system. Based on the dynamic model, the system dynamic response characteristics were studied. The results showed that the PEMFC combined heat and power system has good response characteristics and can quickly respond to changing working conditions. The response transition time of the fuel treatment section working parameters change is longer than that of the PEMFC. In the system operation, avoid acute changes in working conditions and adopt step-by-step adjustment.