党的十九届六中全会决议强调，要提高新闻舆论传播力、引导力、影响力、公信力（简称“四力”），营造清朗的网络空间。近年来频频涌现的“新闻反转”事件不断考验着主流媒体的舆论引导能力，也是对网络空间秩序的挑战和威胁。本文在“流动空间”理论视域下，以行动者网络理论（ANT）为研究视角，以2021年微博上沸沸扬扬的“鲍毓明事件”及其反转为例，结合社会网络分析和计算机辅助的内容分析，分别用于描绘“新闻反转”事件发生过程中行动者如何参与、话语如何演变，希望通过量化分析解释现象和规律。本文发现：一、“新闻反转”未必带来明显的“舆论反转”，共识与真相可能发生偏离。二、行动者在不同舆论阶段中，通过“转译（translation）”参与构建社会网络的“问题化-权益化-摄入-动员”环节，或是作为权威信源，或是号召呼吁集体行动，或是观望质疑推动反转，实现不同目标和诉求。三、不同行动者存在话语协作或博弈，不同话语存在“自说自话”“多元共生”“社群互动”“中心爆发”4种行动者网络构建模式，其中“中心爆发”模式是本文认为最具有网络张力和动员能力的行动者网络构建模式。四、主流媒体、政府部门在该事件中“核心性”和话语“流动性”不足，没有充分利用“流动空间”的“弱纽带”优势，存在网络构建“缺席”和舆论引导“受限”情况。五、技术通过“折叠”网络空间与人类行动者“并肩作战”，持续推动了集体行动，加剧了“同趣缘”的意见对话和情感汇聚，制衡了人类行动者的话语参与。本文认为，“新闻反转”体现了“流动空间”的许多特征，比如“流动空间的草根化”等，这些都为我们应对“新闻反转”、治理网络环境提供思路。面对反转，既要提高主流媒体“转译”能力和各方行动者素养，也要兼容利用“草根”话语的力量、调整网络议程设置范式。本文希望以“鲍毓明事件”的研究为例，为“新闻反转”领域探索创新的理论视角和研究方法，以期为当前形势下应对“新闻反转”、利用各方力量、重构话语秩序、治理网络舆论提供借鉴和启示，从而为进一步提升新闻舆论引导能力、营造“正气充盈”的网络空间带来更多实践意义与价值。
The resolution of the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China emphasized the necessity to improve the dissemination, guidance, influence and credibility of news and public opinion, as well as to create a clear cyberspace. The frequent occurrence of news reversal recently has continuously tested the ability of the mainstream media in guiding the public opinion, and it is also a threat to the order of cyberspace. From the perspective of the Space of Flows and Actor-Network Theory, this paper takes the case of Bao Yuming Event on Weibo happened in 2021 as an example, mainly combines Social Network Analysis and Computer-assisted Content Analysis to describe how actors participate in and how discourse flows, hopes to explain phenomena and laws through quantitative analysis.Through case study, this paper finds that: First, the news reversal may not necessarily bring about an obvious reversal of public opinion, and the consensus and the truth may deviate. Second, in different stages of public opinion, actors participate in the process of problematization, interessement, enrollment, mobilization of constructing a social network through translation to achieve their own goals and demands, or as an authoritative source, or call for collective action, or wait and doubt to promote reversal. Third, there are discourse cooperation or games among different actors, and different construction modes of actor-networks under different discourses, including 4 modes of self-talk, multiple-symbiosis, interact-community and central-burst. The central-burst model is the best model for the hub to organize and mobilize others. Fourth, mainstream media and government in this event are lack of ability as hub and fluidity of discourse, failing to take full advantage of the weak ties of the Space of Flows, which results in absence of network construction and limitation of public opinion guidance. Fifth, through folding cyberspace, technology works side by side with human actors. It promotes collective actions, enhances opinion dialogue and emotional convergence of people who have similar interests, and weighs against the participation of human actors in discourse. This paper holds that, the news reversal embodies many features of the Space of Flows, such as Grassrooting the Space of Flows. These provide ideas for us to deal with news reversal and manage the Internet environment. We should not only improve the ability of translation of mainstream media and government and media literacy of all actors, but also take advantage of the power of grassroots discourse and adjust the paradigm of online agenda setting. This paper hopes to take the case of Bao Yuming Event as an example to explore new theoretical perspectives and research methods for the field of news reversal, in order to provide reference for coping with news reversal, making full use of all forces, reconstructing the discourse order and improve Internet environment under the current situation. In this manner, it can bring more practical significance and value for improving the ability of the mainstream media in guiding the public opinion and creating a clear cyberspace.
