本研究关注气候变化摄影报道这一受忽视的研究领域，创造性地改编了新闻价值话语分析（Discursive News Values Analysis）的编码框架，设计出针对环境图像进行研究的编码类目表，而后对新华社、美联社一共915张气候变化图像进行了内容分析，以探析两者在气候变化议题上呈现出的新闻价值理念的异同。数据显示，新华社与美联社在八条新闻价值编码类目中均具有显著性差异（P<0.01），新华社展现出解困新闻学的价值取向，而美联社沿袭了传统的冲突新闻学的价值理念：新华社更倾向于呈现气候变化议题的美学吸引（p<0.01）和积极性（p<0.01），期望通过呈现积极的、具有审美价值的事物（如自然风光、生灵之美等）来吸引读者的关注。新华社借助风力发电机、太阳能电池板等视觉符号，来报道气候变化的解决对策而不是负面影响，呈现出解困新闻学的价值导向。此外，新华社对精英性青睐有加（p<0.01），但忽视了身边人物的声音。美联社倾向于将气候变化议题构建为消极的（p<0.01），刻画气候变化给世界带来的影响（p<0.01），这体现了美联社遵循冲突新闻学的价值理念。此外，美联社对一些欠发达国家和地区的报道是刻板印象化的（p<0.01），它通过一些表现贫穷、饥饿、落后的视觉符号（如水资源匮乏、干瘦的儿童、卫生条件极差的环境），呈现出了与人们刻板印象相符的场景。美联社对欠发达国家和地区的刻画呼应了民众的负面刻板印象而不是消弭这一负面印象，具有东方主义视角，即倾向于将“遥远的东方”想像成与美国对立的、落后的，而没有试着帮助读者理解远方。通过文本分析，本研究发现，新华社的解困新闻学不限于对中国的报道，它还会对巴基斯坦、科威特等国的政策及变化进行解困型报道，新华社没有高高在上、“他者化”的解读，而是通过报道对策和积极的侧面来增进理解。本研究尝试从媒介体制和新闻史的角度探析冲突新闻学形成并流行的原因：电报的技术革新使得新闻业痴迷于报道“最新”、“最远”的新闻。冲突是快速发生的，而好的改变是缓慢的，一味地追逐快新闻加上商业体制的逐利本性导致了美联社对冲突的推崇，而对“远方”的好奇一定程度上突出了“我们”/“他们”的对立，加深了刻板印象。最后，本研究结合全球传播与解困新闻学的理念，提出了气候变化报道的新范式，以期给媒体提供有效的建议。
This research focused on the ignored area of photojournalism of climate change. It creatively adapted the coding manual provided by Discursive News Value Analysis and designed a coding manual tailored for climate visuals. This research then conducted a content analysis on 915 press photographs by the two organizations, to compare the differences between the two organizations in news values.The data shows that there are significant differences between Xinhua News Agency and the Associated Press in the eight news value codes （p＜0.01）. Xinhua News Agency demonstrated a Solutions-based journalism approach, while the Associated Press follows the traditional conflict-based journalism. Xinhua News Agency is more inclined to construct Aesthetic Appeal （p＜0.01） and Positivity （p＜0.01） in climate change reporting, hoping to attract readers by presenting positive and aesthetically appealing things （such as natural scenery, beauty of wildlife, etc.）. Xinhua News Agency depicts new energy devices such as wind turbines and solar batteries, with a focus on mitigation to climate change rather than the negative effect. In addition, Xinhua News Agency favors Eliteness （p＜0.01）, overlooking the voices of ordinary people. The Associated Press tends to frame the issue of climate change as negative （p＜0.01）, and depict the impact of climate change on the world （p＜0.01）, demonstrating an obsession with conflict-based journalism. In addition, the Associated Press‘s reporting on some underdeveloped countries and regions are Stereotypical （p＜0.01）. It used visual symbols that portray poverty, hunger, and backwardness （such as water scarcity, lean children, poor sanitation）, presenting a scene that matches people’s stereotypes. The Associated Press‘ description of less developed countries and regions echoes the negative stereotypes of the people rather than eliminates them. It has an Orientalist perspective, that is, it tends to imagine “the distant” as opposed to the United States and backward, without trying to help readers understand the faraway locations and cultures. This study found that Xinhua News Agency‘s Solutions–based Journalism is not limited to reporting on China. It also reported on the policies and positive changes happening in Pakistan, Kuwait and other countries.This study also tried to analyze the reasons why conflict journalism came into being and prevailed, from a perspective of media institutions and journalism history: the technological innovation of the telegraph has made journalism obsessed with reporting the ＂latest＂ and ＂farthest＂ news. Conflicts happen quickly, but good changes are slow. Blindly chasing fast news and the profit-seeking nature of the business system have led to the Associated Press’s admiration for conflicts, while the curiosity about “far places” has highlighted “to a certain extent.” The ＂us＂/＂them＂ opposition leads to stereotypes. Finally, this study proposes a new paradigm of climate change reporting by combining the concepts of global communication and dilemma journalism, to provide effective advice to for media.
