随着社会经济的快速发展，劳动力与劳动关系发生巨大变化，外卖员等新就业形态劳动者数量大量增加。但外卖员作为新的劳动群体，因现有法律法规政策体系对其劳动权益保障存在缺失，面临劳动关系认定困难、社会保障欠缺、生存状态较差、民主管理权难以实现等困境。近几年，国家和社会已经着手开展维护外卖员劳动权益工作，但效果不明显。外卖员劳动权益维护仍是难已解决的问题。一直以来，无论是从研究角度还是从实践角度，人们一直重点从立法、司法、行政三种途径探索维护外卖员权益保障的方法，而忽视了工会的作用。相比之政府部门开展有关工作的局限性，工会在维护外卖员劳动权益方面具有帮扶对象更广泛、维权手段更多样、维权方式更灵活、维权成本更低廉等优势。工会推动建会入会是工会诸多维权手段中最基础、最关键的工作。近几年来，各级工会积极推动外卖员建会入会，虽开展了大量工作，积累了一定的经验，但维权效果不明显。因此，本文聚焦外卖员的劳动权益及其维护这一问题，以工会推动下的建会入会为例，通过调研研究、统计分析、比较研究等方法，探索解决的对策。通过研究发现，工会在推动建会入会工作中仍存在与外卖员联系的途径不畅通、平台企业工会和乡镇街道工会、村社区工会等基层工会组织不健全、地方和基层工会人员缺乏力量薄弱、地方工会为外卖员提供的服务不够有针对性、地方工会创新力度不够难以适应现实需求等问题。针对这些问题，本文从工会制度和体制上进行探索，提出：各级工会要扩大工会覆盖面，推动头部平台企业和乡镇街道、行业工会建立工会；发挥工会优势资源和手段，开展精准化维权服务、集体协商和推动建立民主管理机制；加快建设智慧工会，推行网上入会、网上服务和数据共享；从开源和节流两方面加强工会经费保障；提高工会干部的工作能力，补足基层工会人员力量，尝试购买社会服务；强化党建引领，加强与各方的协同治理和工会工作的整体性、协同性。在维护外卖员劳动权益方面，工会维权是立法、司法、行政的有益补充。但要真正维护好外卖员的劳动权益，需要政府部门充分发挥作用。因此，本文最后对外卖员劳动权益维护提出政策建议，建议完善劳动保障法律体系，修改完善有关法律制度，加快出台《劳动基本标准法》，适时编纂劳动法典；健全司法裁判规则，出台相关司法解释、发布指导案例；加强行政执法，完善诚信体系建设，推动建立行业协会；强化协同治理，完善多方参与的协商治理机制。
With the rapid social-economic development , both the labor force and labor relations have been quite different, which, as a consequence, lead massive increases in new-employment-form workers. However, as a new labor group, for the imperfection in labor rights and interests protection under existing laws and regulations, new-employment-form workers are now faced with certain practical difficulties like lacking in labor relation certification, social security deficiency, appalling living conditions, and absence of democratic management , etc. The state and society have made great efforts to protect their rights, while the effect is not obvious so that the right-safeguarding remains a problem.There have been prolonged explorations in the means to protect the rights of delivery clerks, which have narrowly focused on legislative, judicial and administrative measures whether from the perspective of research or practice, ignoring the role of trade unions. Compared with government agencies, trade union has advantages of wider coverage, richer advocacy capacity, more flexible methods, and lower cost in the aspect of safeguarding the labor rights and interests, thus can supply preferable service for new-employment-form workers. In principle, organizing the delivery clerks into new-born unions is the primary and key function among the multiple rights protection means of the trade union. Unfortunately, such efforts with limited experience are still not enough and haven’t got sufficient remarkable achievements. Now this paper will take unionization as an instance, by means of investigation, statistical analysis, comparative research and other methods, to find a solution for the trade union so that it may play a better role in protecting labor rights and interests of delivery clerks.Various studies have shown that the trade union has much trouble in unionization restricted to the blocked communication channel, weak rural primary organizations, shortage of professionals, unspecific rights maintenance, and lacking of adaptive innovations.Aiming at these problems, this paper focuses to explore the trade union regulations and systems, and keep the opinions that trade unions of each level should update the work pattern to expand the coverage, establishing new organizations not only in influential enterprises but also in sub-district office and certain industry. Meanwhile, I recognize it’s important to inspire the employees to join the trade union, provided them with reliable protection, strengthen democratic consultation and management institution through better service, by taking advantage of the available resources. The collaborations with the Communist Party of China, the application of digital science means, the cultivation of talents and the introduction of professional social service projects should also be appreciated, besides broaden sources of income and reduce expenditure. To safeguard the labor rights and interests of delivery clerks, trade union is definitely a crucial complementary participation for legislative, judicial and administrative arrangements. More than that, government should practically play its role at the very first. Hence, there are policy suggestions about labor security legal system improvement, Labor Law and Social Insurance Law revise, Labor Basic Standards Act enactment, rules of judicial adjudication adjustment with judicial explication and cases instruction, platform company supervision and relevant industry associations with integrity and responsibility incentive mechanisms, as well as inevitable consultative governance institutions. I do hope these will be useful for delivery clerks' interests defence.
