当前，人类对于锂离子电池 (LIBs) 的需求量急剧增长。然而，LIBs的使用寿命不到十年，这将产生大量废旧LIBs。由于锂的高经济价值和有限的天然储备，而且LIBs中使用的重金属元素以及退役电池处置不当可能会导致的潜在环境污染，因此迫切需要回收废旧电池的高效绿色方法。本文探究了一套高效绿色回收退役LIBs的有效策略。基于带电退役电池在水中的精准拆解，结合湿法冶金工艺，完成对废旧电池中锂、铁、磷等单个元素的高效提取，并通过过充电工艺回收废旧LIBs中的金属锂。该研究为解决退役LIBs的高效绿色回收和高值化再利用问题提供了新思路，有助于推动退役LIBs回收的工业化进程。LIBs需要新的回收方法，因为传统的回收方法需要进行繁琐且不环保的放电预处理，并导致后处理效率低且产生大量废物。精准分离回收的LIBs各个组分，可以最大限度地减少材料交叉污染，同时避免能源和化学品的过度消耗。本文探究了在水中精准拆解带电电池，不产生废物排放，其接近完美的回收效率超出了美国能源部和欧洲电池局的目标。精确的非破坏性机械方法将各组件从水中的卷绕电池中分离出来，避免了负极的不可控反应和电解液的燃烧，同时只允许极少量的负极锂与水反应。此方法回收每kg废旧电池其回收价值约为7.14 $。以水中精准分离得到的电池极片作为回收起点，本文提出了一种在室温下选择性地提取废旧磷酸铁锂电池极片中锂、铁和磷元素的独特方法，其中水是唯一消耗的浸出剂。NaOH溶液在30 min内从FePO4中提取铁，并在不消耗的情况下再生，其作用可类比于催化剂。在最佳浸出条件下（1 mol L-1 NaOH，0.5 h，NaOH/Fe摩尔比4.5），锂、铁和磷的浸出率分别达到99.7 %、89.1 %和99.2 %。本文将每kg正极材料的回收成本降低到现有报道的6.13 %。废旧LIBs含有比矿石、盐湖卤水或海水等自然资源更丰富的锂，为了促进锂的不间断供应并提高废旧电池回收的经济效应，本文在废旧LIBs正极上使用过充电工艺回收金属锂，清洁电能驱动90 %的锂有效地从正极材料中脱出，而不会产生显著的气体排放。与传统锂工业生产方法相比，本文的方法生产每kg锂至少可增加79.1 $的锂产品价值。此外，获得的微米级厚度锂金属箔可作为预锂化负极材料，将LiCoO2/Cu全电池循环寿命延长三倍。

At present, the demand for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) has increased sharply. However, the service life of LIBs is less than ten years, which will produce a large number of waste LIBs. Due to the high economic value and limited natural reserves of lithium, the heavy metal elements used in LIBs and the potential environmental pollution caused by improper disposal of retired batteries, there is an urgent need for an efficient and green method to recycle waste batteries. This paper explores a set of effective strategies for efficient and green recycling of retired LIBs. Based on the accurate disassembly of charged spent batteries in water, combined with hydrometallurgical process, complete the efficient extraction of lithium, iron, phosphorus and other single elements in waste batteries, and recover the metal lithium in waste LIBs through overcharge process. This research provides a new idea for solving the problems of high-efficiency green recovery and high-value utilization of retired LIBs, and helps to promote the industrialization process of retired LIBs recovery.LIBs need new recycling methods, because the traditional recycling methods need cumbersome and environmentally friendly discharge pretreatment, resulting in low post-treatment efficiency and a large amount of waste. Accurate separation of each component of recovered LIBs can minimize cross contamination of materials and avoid excessive consumption of energy and chemicals. This paper shows that the charged battery can be accurately disassembled in water without waste discharge, and its near perfect recovery efficiency exceeds the goals of the U.S. Department of energy and the European battery agency. The precise non-destructive mechanical method separates the module from the wound battery in water, avoiding the uncontrollable reaction of the anode and the combustion of electrolyte. At the same time, only a small amount of anode lithium is allowed to react with water. The recycling value of this method is about 7.14 $ kg-1 of spent batteries.Taking the electrodes accurately separated from water as the recovery starting point, we proposed a unique method to recover and selectively extract lithium, iron and phosphorus from waste lithium iron phosphate battery at room temperature, in which water is the only extractant consumed. NaOH solution can extract iron from FePO4 within 30 minutes and regenerate without consumption. Its function can be similar to that of catalyst. Under the optimum leaching conditions (1 mol L-1 NaOH, 0.5 h, NaOH / Fe molar ratio 4.5), the leaching rates of iron and phosphorus reached 89.1 % and 99.2 % respectively. In this paper, the recovery cost per kg of cathode material is reduced to 6.13 % of the previously published report.Waste LIBs contain more lithium than natural resources such as ore, salt lake brine or seawater. In order to promote the uninterrupted supply of lithium and improve the economic effect of waste battery recovery, this paper uses overcharge process to recover metal lithium on the cathode of waste LIBs, and clean electric energy drives 90 % of lithium to be effectively separated from the cathode material without significant gas emission. Compared with traditional industrial production methods, the method in this paper can increase the value of lithium products by at least 79.1 $ kg-1 of lithium. In addition, the obtained micron thick lithium metal foil can be used as prelithium material to prolong the cycle life of LiCoO2 / Cu full battery by three times.