近几年，新冠疫情及其变种横扫全球，全球供应链都遭到了巨大的冲击，正在进行重组，如何面临后疫情时代产业的变更与布局则显得尤为重要。而供应链是为了联系上下游企业合作成为一个团体，以提升整体的效用。然而，供应链协同运作还存在着诸多问题，比如信息共享不完全导致信息孤岛现象发生、诚信制度不健全等。区块链技术作为一个新的技术组合，近些年受到了学界以及业界广泛的关注。其可以在互不认识的节点之间达成分布式共识，借助加密哈希函数指针实现信息的无法篡改,以及通过智能合约的自发执行实现信息交易的公平透明化等。此外，区块链技术一直在被不断地丰富优化，随着人们研究的深入，其必然会成推动产业变更的巨大动力，而区块链3.0时代，该技术也正在被应用到各行各业中。针对供应链协同运作中的问题，本文借助区块链技术，从供应链的全局出发，提出了一个基于区块链技术的供应链协同运作模式，并且针对几个问题突出的业务场景提出了具体的解决方案。该模式将区块链基于加密哈希函数抗碰撞性带来的不可篡改弱化为部分采用变色龙加密哈希函数实现区块可编辑的属性。同时，为了最大限度消除弱中心化带来共识达成慢且难的影响，我们采用了基于Token机制的电子通证监管体系，摒弃了传统由区块链产生链上流通通证的方式，转而以法币为基准、以汇兑的方式，通过商业银行面向本模式中区块链发行专属通证的方式，并借此引入具有国家信用背书的四大商业银行，以引入国家信用背书的方式来消减弱中心化的影响。此外，本文还提出了基于实用拜占庭容错算法的委托权益证明混合机制，在保证分布式记账的同时实现交易的快速确定与不可逆转，也可以形成供应链上节点企业与商业银行互相监督的局面。最后，本文基于Stackelberg博弈分析构建模型，验证了在该模式功能实现的前提下，其对于供应链协调运行具有良好的保障作用。
In recent years, the COVID-19 epidemic and its variants have swept the world, and the global supply chain has been greatly impacted and are being restructured. How to face the changes and layout of industries in the post-epidemic era is particularly important. The purpose of the supply chain is to connect upstream and downstream enterprises to form a group to improve the overall effectiveness. However, there are still many problems in the coordinated operation of the supply chain. For example, incomplete information sharing leads to the occurrence of information islands and the unsound integrity system.As a new technology combination, blockchain technology has attracted widespread attention from the academic community and the industry in recent years. It can reach a distributed consensus between nodes that they do not know each other, realize the inability to tamper with information with the help of encrypted hash function pointers, and realize the fairness and transparency of information transactions through the spontaneous execution of smart contracts. In addition, blockchain technology has been constantly enriched and optimized. With the deepening of research, it will inevitably become a huge driving force for industrial change. In the era of blockchain 3.0, this technology is also being applied to all walks of life.In view of the problems in the collaborative operation of the supply chain, with the help of blockchain technology and starting from the overall situation of the supply chain, this paper proposes a supply chain collaborative operation model based on blockchain technology, and proposes specific solutions for business scenarios with prominent problems. This mode weakens the blockchain based on the non-tamperability caused by the collision resistance of the encrypted hash function to partially use the chameleon encrypted hash function to realize block editable attributes. At the same time, in order to minimize the slow and difficult impact of consensus-building brought about by weak centralization, we have adopted an electronic pass supervision system based on the Token mechanism, abandoned the traditional method of circulating passage on the chain from blockchain, and instead issued exclusive passes to blockchain in this model through commercial banks based on legal currency and exchange, and took this opportunity to introduce the four major commercial banks with national credit endorsements to reduce the impact of centralization by introducing national credit endorsement. In addition, this paper also proposes a hybrid mechanism for proof of entrustment rights and interests based on the practical Byzantine fault-tolerant algorithm, which realizes the rapid determination and irreversibility of transactions while ensuring distributed accounting, and can also form a situation of mutual supervision between node enterprises and commercial banks in the supply chain. Finally, this paper builds a model based on Stackelberg game analysis, which verifies that under the premise of the realization of the function of this model, it has a good guarantee for the coordinated operation of the supply chain.
