质子交换膜水电解制氢（Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis, PEMWE）是实现大规模长周期可再生能源存储及利用的重要途径之一，改善电解池（槽）内部气/液两相流传质过程是提高工作电流密度、降低制氢成本的有效解决手段。电解池内部的两相流具备电化学-传热-传质多物理场耦合特性，实验测试和仿真建模难度大，亟需在两相流动与传质过程的影响因素、作用机制和建模仿真方面开展研究工作。本文围绕改善电解池两相流动、降低传质损失的目标开展机理与建模分析、实验观测和仿真研究。论文首先使用界面追踪方法（VOF），开展单个气泡形成及脱离的仿真研究，确定气泡生长特性及关键影响因素，结果显示：气泡在扩散层中呈枝杈状分散生长，扩散层喉孔结构和浸润性是决定气泡生长方向和形态的关键因素；流道中气泡周期性生成和脱离，壁面浸润性和流速是决定气泡尺寸和对扩散层覆盖程度的重要参数。

Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis (PEMWE) is an important technical route to realizing large-scale and long-term renewable energy storage and utilization. Improving the gas/liquid mass transport process in the electrolysis cell is an effective solution to increase the working current density and reduce the cost of hydrogen production. The two-phase flow in the electrolysis cell has the coupling characteristics of electrochemistry, heat transfer, and mass transfer. It is urgent to research the influencing factors, action mechanism, and modeling of the two-phase flow and mass transport process. In this paper, mechanism analysis, experimental observation, and simulation research are carried out to improve the two-phase flow and reduce mass transport loss in the electrolysis cell. Firstly, the interface tracking method (VOF) is adopted to conduct a simulation study on the formation and separation of a single bubble, and the bubble growth characteristics and key influencing factors are determined. It is observed that the bubble grows in a branching form in the porous transport layer (PTL). The throat-pore structure and wettability of PTL are the key factors determining the bubble's growth direction and shape. In the flow channel, bubbles are generated and separated periodically. Wall wettability and flow rate are important parameters to determine bubble size and covering effect on PTL.