随着经济增长和物质生活水平的快速提升，我国居民在食品消费方面的节约意识逐渐下降，食物浪费现象愈发严重。联合国在《2030年可持续发展议程》中提出人均食物浪费减半的目标，并要求各国尽可能减少生产和供应链的食物损失。我国颁布的《中华人民共和国反食品浪费法》进一步明确了对浪费行为的处罚及对“光盘”行为的奖励，从法制上约束了这一非道德行为。食物浪费不仅造成经济损失，更伴随温室气体排放、营养流失、水资源流失、土地资源占用，同时也加重了全球粮食危机。以往的评估将食物浪费造成的资源损失与处理环节的资源化再利用割裂，忽视了从浪费到处理的整体性。因此，建立一套科学的方法评估食物浪费总量及其潜在的资源流动具有重要意义。本文将食物浪费划分为城镇居民在家、城镇居民外出、农村居民在家、农村居民外出、城镇居民外卖就餐等五个来源，浪费食物种类划分为17组。构建了一套食物浪费估算方法，通过环境足迹评价、物质流分析法，估算了我国297个城市食物浪费的总量，并对其生产过程的氮足迹、磷足迹、水足迹、碳足迹、土地足迹进行评估。构建了一套处理工艺比较方法，采用聚类分析法，将所有城市进行分组，对每一组分别构建层次分析评价模型，进行适配工艺比选。在各城市使用所选适配工艺的条件下，对浪费食物在处理环节可以实现的资源回收、产生的温室气体排放、造成的土地占用开展评估。以2018年为例，我国食物浪费总量为45.19 Mt（Megaton，百万吨，下同）。食物浪费造成的氮足迹、磷足迹、水足迹、碳足迹、土地足迹分别为2.87 Mt、0.39 Mt、88.98 Gt、89.48 Mt、11.52 Mha（Megahectare，兆公顷）。我国食物浪费及其造成的环境足迹总量呈现“东高西低”的态势，前三位为广东省、山东省、江苏省；人均浪费量较高省市主要集中在“长三角地区”，前三位为上海市、江苏省和浙江省。在食物浪费处理工艺的选择上，5个城市推荐使用焚烧热解工艺，214个城市推荐使用饲料化工艺，78个城市推荐使用厌氧消化工艺。通过所选工艺处理浪费食物，将占用1.50 kha土地，带来2.88 Mt温室气体减排，并回收氮资源263.53 kt、磷资源37.60 kt、钾资源54.94 kt。本研究为分析食物浪费的环境影响提供一套可行方法，为社会管理者了解宏观现状、立法者制定相关政策提供数据支撑。

With the economic growth and the improvement of life quality rapidly, residents' awareness of saving food has gradually declined, which makes the circumstance of food waste has become more and more serious. In Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustain, the United Nations proposed a goal of halving per capita food waste and a request to reduce food losses in its supply chains. China promulgated the Anti Food Waste Law to further clarify the punishment for waste behavior and the reward for "clear your plate" behavior, which restricts this immoral behavior by legal means. Food waste may not only cause economic losses, greenhouse gas emissions, resources loss, but also aggravate the global food crisis. Previous assessments based on food waste separated the resource reuse in the process of management from the resource loss caused by food waste at the table, ignoring the integrity from waste to treatment. Therefore, it is of great significance to establish a scientific method to assess the total amount of food waste and analysis its potential substance flow.In this paper, the sources of food waste are containing five parts: urban residents' household level waste, urban residents' out-of-home waste, rural residents' household level waste, rural residents' out-of-home waste, and delivery food waste. The food is divided into 17 groups for quantification and assessment. The research constructs the evaluation model of food waste and uses the material flow analysis and environmental footprint model to quantify the food waste, and evaluate its embedded nitrogen footprint, phosphorus footprint, water footprint, carbon footprint and land footprint at the city level in China. The comparison of food waste treatment technologies is made by the Cluster Analysis and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Using k-means clustering, 297 cities were divided into 5 groups by development index. For each group, we selected the best treatment process by economic, land, resource reuse, GHG emission parameters. Under the optimal decision-making, the resource recovery, greenhouse gas emissions, and land occupation in the treatment process are evaluated.Example for 2018, the total amount of food waste in China was 45.19 Mt (Megaton). The nitrogen footprint, phosphorus footprint, water footprint, carbon footprint, and land footprint caused by food waste are 2.87 Mt, 0.39 Mt, 88.98 Gt, 89.48 Mt, and 11.52 Mha (Megahectare), respectively. The regional analysis shows that the amount of food waste and resource loss is "high in the east area and low in the west area". The provinces with the highest total amount are Guangdong Province, Shandong Province and Jiangsu Province. The areas with the highest average waste per capita are mainly in the "Yangtze River Delta region", and the top three provinces are Shanghai, Jiangsu Province and Zhejiang Province. The results of AHP show that 5 cities recommended the incineration pyrolysis process, 214 cities recommended insect feeding, and 78 cities recommended the anaerobic digestion process. By the selected technology, the disposing of the wasted food will occupy 1.50 kha of land, bring about 2.88 Mt of GHG emission reduction, and recover 263.53 kt of nitrogen resources, 37.60 kt of phosphorus resources, and 54.94 kt of potassium resources. The study provides feasible methods for analyzing the environmental impact of food waste, which provides data support for social managers to understand the macro situation and legislators to formulate relevant policies.