绿色空间被视为应对气候危机、促进公共健康、实现可持续发展的重要环境手段。一些研究证据揭示，在人与自然的互动关系中，个体与大自然的心理联结影响绿色空间所能产生的健康福祉效益及个人的亲环境行为。这种心理联结，即“自然关联性”，随城乡环境中绿色空间及相关行为的演化而逐代减弱，为绿色空间健康福祉效益的可持续性带来危机。本研究以自然关联性为核心，分别从面向“现在”、“过去”、“未来”的时间视角，探究其影响及形成机制，揭示其在有关研究和实践中的重要，并提出维持后代自然关联性水平的干预策略。 研究1探究个体当前自然关联性水平对于环境暴露效益的调节作用。研究采用重复测量对照实验，以音视频刺激形式模拟环境暴露，对比高、低自然关联性受试者在1个城市商业广场、2个城市公园林地环境内的认知任务表现变化、皮肤电活动变化、情绪效价变化和实现幸福感体验。结果表明自然关联性的调节作用反映于皮肤电导反应频率、情绪效价变化和实现幸福感体验；自然关联性与环境敏感性相关，高水平群体更依赖绿色空间来改善情绪、提升实现幸福感水平。 研究2回溯童年自然经历对自然关联性的长期影响。根据回顾性问卷调查结果，童年生活环境特征对自然关联性的影响有限，绿色空间到访的作用弱于自然互动行为。其中，有益于自然关联性的绿色空间具有高自然度、轻人工干预特征，或能够支持特定互动行为，如野外、风景区、城镇荒地、学校花园、自家庭院等；有益于自然关联性的互动行为具有培养自然认知与自然共情的能力，如观察生态过程、栽培植物。此外，自然教育能够部分补偿生活环境自然缺失所产生的负面影响；共同生活成员的自然态度是与个人长期自然关联性水平相关性最强的因素。 研究3探究自然关联性及童年自然经历如何影响个人在未来城市土地利用问题上的决策倾向。基于虚拟情境的决策结果表明，高自然关联性群体更可能克服商业用地的吸引而支持绿色空间建设；童年时期生活环境特征、自然环境中的游憩和攀爬行为频率与决策倾向相关。 研究结果综合揭示，自然关联性对绿色空间健康福祉效益的影响至少包括3种方式：调节环境暴露结果、影响空间使用需求、影响未来空间建设。故后续研究与实践宜将自然关联性纳入考虑范畴。研究最后从基本理念、绿色空间体系、绿色空间关键特征、非空间型干预协作4个层面，提出面向儿童的自然关联性干预策略。
Greenspace has been recognized as an important environmental intervention for climate crisis, public health promotion and sustainable development. Some research evidence suggests that the psychological connection between individuals and nature may affect the health and well-being benefits of greenspace as well as personal pro-environment behaviors. This psychological connection, i.e. Natural Relatedness (NR), fades as greenspace and greenspace-related behaviors in urban and rural environments evolve over time, which threatens the sustainability of health and well-being benefits generated by greenspace. This research focused on NR, explored its outcomes and formation from the temporal perspectives of “present”, “past” and “future”, revealed its significance in relevant research and practice, and provided intervention strategies, so as to maintain the level of NR in future generations. Study 1 explored the moderation effect of current NR on the health and well-being benefits of environmental exposure. A controlled experiment with repeated measurement design was conducted, in which the environmental exposure was simulated by audio and video stimuli, and participants from the high and low NR groups were exposed to one urban commercial plaza and two woodlands in urban parks. Changes of cognitive task performance, electrodermal activity and emotional valence, and the experience of eudaimonic well-being were compared. The moderating effect of NR was discovered in the frequency of skin conductance response, change of valence and experience of eudaimonic well-being. NR was also related to environmental sensitivity. The high NR group has a stronger demand for greenspace to improve valence and eudaimonic well-being. Study 2 investigated the impact of childhood natural experience on long-term NR. Results from a retrospective questionnaire revealed that the living environment in childhood has a limited impact on NR. Visitation to greenspace per se is less important than natural interaction behaviors. Greenspaces beneficial for NR are the ones with high naturalness and little artificial intervention, or the ones that support certain natural interactions, such as the wild, scenic areas, urban wild land, school gardens or domestic yards. Interaction behaviors conducive to NR are the ones facilitating the cognition of nature or the empathy for nature, such as observation of ecological process or cultivation of plants. Besides, nature education may partly compensate for the negative effect of the nature-deprived living environment; co-living members’ attitude toward nature showed the strongest correlation with personal NR. Study 3 explored how NR and childhood natural experience influence one’s tendency in the decision of future urban land use. In a hypothetical situation, participants with the highest NR scores were more likely to overcome the fascination of commercial land and to support the construction of greenspace. The decision tendency was correlated with the characteristics of childhood living environment, and the frequency of recreation or climbing behavior in the natural environment. The overall results revealed at least three ways in which NR affects the health and well-being benefits of greenspace: moderating the outcomes of environmental exposure, affecting the demand of spaces, and influencing future construction of urban greenspace. Therefore, follow-up research and practice should take NR into consideration. Children-oriented Nature Relatedness intervention strategies were raised at the end, consisting of basic principles, greenspace system, key characteristics of greenspace and the cooperation with non-spatial intervention.
