在基层治理领域，村党组织委员会、村民委员会是国家基层治理的重要组成部分，同时也是深化村民自治的关键所在。在基层民主不断发展的背景下，村“两委”在基层治理中发挥着越来越重要的作用，村“两委”换届选举问题就成为了一个重要的研究关注点。受一些因素影响，现阶段村“两委”换届选举过程中的拉票贿选、行政机关干预、选民参选率不高等问题依然突出，导致了村“两委”换届选举的过程和结果不能体现广大选民的根本意志。在一定程度上被群众认为沦落成为一种形式，或谋取利益的一种手段，影响到农村的稳定与发展。本论文结合作者的工作需要，认真研究边疆民族地区基层治理过程中村“两委”选举典型案例，从理论探讨、文献综述、政策要求，行政干预，历史文化传承，现实条件等维度入手，审视不同历史时期、不同地区的选举制度、流程，方法和成效，并通过数据分析和深入一线的调研和访谈，研究当前边疆民族地区村“两委”换届选举过程中出现的各种现象和问题，探索解决这些问题的有效方案。具体研究问题为：1.当前边疆民族地区基层两委选举过程中存在的问题及其原因。2.改进基层两委选举，提高基层选举实效，推动基层治理能力提升的改进建议。本文通过对比研究发现，尽管政策上三令五申，当前边疆民族地区基层村“两委”选举相较于一般地区依然存在大量问题，比较突出的有语言文字障碍带来功能缺失、选举的价值未充分体现、村民参与竞选热情度低、选举程序不规范、对贿选的界定存在困难、上级政府干扰大等等。这些问题产生的原因包括乡村选民民主意识淡薄、乡村基层党组织建设缺失、基层机构的责权不清。在研究和分析的基础上，提出四点建议，分别是提高群众民主意识、健全乡村党组织建设、规范选举程序的执行和明确上级政府与村“两委”的关系。研究贡献为，重点研究了关注较少的边疆民族地区基层选举的实践，发现和归纳了问题，研究了深层次的原因，认真思考和提出了改进的建议，对边疆民族地区基层选举与基层治理能力提升有重要的现实意义。理论上，指出了边疆民族地区基层治理的特有的文化传承和发展阶段的特殊性，并通过具体细节的甄别，提出了测量指标，为边疆少数民族地区的政治民主建设和基层治理提出了新思考。研究局限为案例研究的数量不广泛，仅聚焦南疆，研究结果的普遍意义有待进一步观察。

In the field of grass-roots governance, the villagers' committees and the village party organization committees are the important parts of national grassroots governance, they are the key to deepening the villagers' self-governance. With the development of grassroots democracy, the "two committees" are playing a more important role in grassroots governance, so the issue of general election of the "two committees" has become an important point in the research. Because of the influence of some traditional customs, the problems of canvassing and bribery, executive branch interference and low voter participation rate are still prominent in the process of the village "two committees" general election. This leads its process and results not to reflect the basic will of the majority of voters. To a certain extent, it is considered by the masses to be reduced to a form or a means to seek interests, which affects the stability and development of rural areas.According to the needs of the author's work, this paper studies on the typical cases of the village "two committees" election in the process of grassroots governance in the border ethnic areas. From theoretical discussion, literature review, policy requirements, administrative intervention to the perspectives of historical and cultural heritage and realistic conditions, we examine the electoral systems, processes, methods and results in different historical periods and regions. We study various phenomena and problems in the current election process of the "two committees" of villages in border ethnic areas by conducting in-depth research and making interviews through data analysis to explore effective solutions to these problems. Specific research questions are: 1. The problems existing in the current election process of the grass-roots committees in the border ethnic areas and their causes. 2. Improve the election of the two committees at the grass-roots level, improve the effectiveness of the grass-roots election, and promote the improvement of the ability of grass-roots governance.Through research, this paper finds that despite the policy orders and repeated declarations, there are still a large number of problems in the current election process of the "two committees" of grass-roots villages in border ethnic areas, and the more prominent language and writing barriers bring about lack of function, the value of elections is not fully reflected, the enthusiasm of villagers to participate in elections is low, the election procedures are not standardized, there are difficulties in defining bribery elections, and the interference of higher-level governments is large. The reasons for these problems include the weak democratic consciousness of rural voters, the lack of rural grass-roots party organization construction, and the unclear responsibilities and powers of grass-roots institutions. On the basis of research and analysis, four suggestions for improving the election of the grass-roots and two committees in line with the national and regional conditions are put forward, namely, to enhance the democratic awareness of the masses, improve the building of rural party organizations, standardize the implementation of election procedures, and clarify the relationship between the government at a higher level and the village "two committees.". The research contribution focuses on the practice of grass-roots elections in border areas with less attention, discovers and summarizes problems, studies deep-seated causes, seriously considers and puts forward suggestions for improvement, which has important practical significance for grass-roots elections and grass-roots governance capabilities in border ethnic areas. Theoretically, it points out the particularity of the unique cultural inheritance and development stage of the grass-roots governance in the border areas, and through the screening of specific details, the measurement indicators are proposed, which puts forward new thinking for the political democratic construction and grass-roots governance in the border minority areas. The number of case studies is limited to not extensive, focusing only on southern Xinjiang, and the general significance of the research results needs to be further observed.