高自密实性能混凝土（High Self-Compacting Concrete，简称HSCC）是一种具有大流动性的混凝土，它具有无需振捣、适应各类复杂浇筑结构、施工周期短等优点，能很好解决年轻劳动力及工程技术人员短缺问题，且更适应于今后生产浇筑的智能化。堆石混凝土坝是具有我国自主知识产权并得到国际大坝委员会认可的一种新坝型，它不仅具有水化热温升低、抗裂性能好、工艺简单、施工快速等特点，近年来应用发展迅速，施工技术和工艺也在实践中不断取得发展，如在冬奥会1050塘坝在经论证和试验仓试验后首次采用了3m浇筑层高，贵州省务川县三岔河水库正在论证逊径堆石料的利用，填充密实度是衡量堆石混凝土坝施工质量的重要指标，尽管有比较完备的规范来保障施工质量，但是目前缺少堆石混凝土坝浇筑施工过程中的密实度监测方法，本文以压力监测系统为研究手段，室内研究了自密实砂浆及混凝土的传压特性，并以此为基础设计了可用于堆石混凝土坝施工中层面密实度监测的方法，本文主要工作内容如下：（1）设计一套室内压力监测系统，并测试该系统对新拌自密实砂浆及HSCC的适用性。（2）研究了在给定加压条件下不同砂率、不同扩展度的新拌自密实砂浆作为传压介质的压力传递特性。（3）在室内压力监测系统研制基础上，设计了一套可用于堆石混凝土坝施工中层面密实度监测的方法，并以冬奥会塘坝为工程实例，开展了HSCC的生产性试验，并进行了现场浇筑过程的监测，结合后期钻孔压水试验及孔内电视图像采集，试验结果表明该方法能非常好地完成浇筑过程中堆石混凝土的层面密实度监测工作。（4）对采用逊径堆石料的三岔河水库试验仓浇筑进行了压力监测，结果显示在浇筑过程中仓面传感器能连续均匀地感应到HSCC的压力，表明HSCC能顺利填充逊径堆石料，该试验初步确定了高自密实性能混凝土在逊径堆石料中能填充密实。
High Self-Compacting Concrete (HSCC) is a kind of concrete with high fluidity. It has the advantages of no need for vibrating, adapting to various complex pouring structures, and short construction period. It can solve young labor force well. And the shortage of engineering and technical personnel, and it is more suitable for the intelligentization of production and pouring in the future. Rock-filled concrete dam is a new type of dam with China’s independent intellectual property rights and recognized by the International Dam Commission. It has the characteristics of low hydration heat temperature rise, good crack resistance, simple technology, and rapid construction. Its application has developed rapidly in recent years. The construction technology has also been continuously developed in practice. For example, in the 1050 Winter Olympics, the 3m pouring layer height was used for the first time after the demonstration and the test chamber test. The Sanchahe Reservoir in Wuchuan County, Guizhou Province is demonstrating the use of smaller particle size rock. The filling density is an important indicator to measure the construction quality of Rock-filled concrete dams. At present, there is no method to monitor the density during the pouring of rock-filled concrete dams. The main work content and conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1) Design an indoor pressure monitoring system and test the applicability of the system to freshly mixed self-compacting mortar and HSCC.(2) The pressure transfer characteristics of freshly mixed self-compacting mortar with different sand rates and different expansion degrees as pressure transfer medium under given pressure conditions were studied.(3) On the basis of the development of the indoor pressure monitoring system, a set of methods that can be used for monitoring the compactness of the middle layer in the construction of rock-filled concrete dams are designed. The field pouring process was monitored, combined with the later drilling water pressure test and the video image acquisition in the hole, the test results show that this method can complete the monitoring of the layer compactness of the rock-filled concrete during the pouring process.(4) Pressure monitoring was carried out on the pouring of the test silo of the Sanchahe Reservoir using small particle size rock. The results showed that the silo surface sensor could continuously and evenly sense the pressure of the HSCC during the pouring process, indicating that the HSCC could successfully fill the smaller particle size rock, the test preliminarily determined that the high self-compacting performance concrete can be filled and compacted in the smaller particle size rock.
