苗医作为民族医学中的重要分支，其身体模型是学界较少关注的话题。本文通过以当前苗族医学中的苗医生成学、三界学说和四大筋脉学说等三种苗医学理论的身体模型为对象进行研究，在比较此类模型的特征与差异的基础上，分析其历史发展过程及其背后所隐含的三种医学范式和共同体的特征与差异。同时，选择源自湘西的苗医生成学理论作为具体案例展开深入观察，找出苗医出现多种医学理论与身体模型并存的社会文化根源。最后，对苗医身体模型研究进行理论层面的反思。与藏、蒙、维、傣、壮等民族医学不同，当前苗医的合法性与有效性是存在争议的。而在现行的观念中，医学理论的构建是其实现合法性身份的主要途径之一，身体模型的建构是其理论建构中的重要一环。通过本研究发现，当前苗医不仅存在不同的身体模型，这些模型还具有一定的理论依赖性，可以从不同的角度和不同的层次来理解。因此，身体的多元性不仅出现在不同的医学传统中，也可以出现在同一种医学传统中。从发展历程上看，本文关注的三种苗医学理论的身体模型不仅经历了从早期较为零碎的、不确定的、非系统性的“口传”状态转变为当前较为明确的、系统的且稳定的具有“文字解释”的状态，还与社会文化有着紧密的纠缠。苗医身体模型的出现是自然与社会文化综合作用的结果。而通过对苗医生成学理论的案例研究发现，其身体模型的演变历史具有较为独特的建构性特征，与其构建者所处的社会环境、文化传统、个人经历以及知识结构等都有着密切的关联。可以认为，其身体模型是在特定的背景下，因特定的动机和外部需求而生成的一种“地方性知识”。实际上，本文关注的三种身体模型背后不仅隐含着多种不同类型的医学范式和医学共同体，使用这些范式的共同体成员在对此类范式的构建、理解以及范式的呈现等方面都有着不同的认知与实践。此种现象表明当前苗医处于类似于(并非完全等同于)“前科学”的历史阶段，出现多种范式并存的现象是较为正常的状态。苗医身体模型的研究不仅为医学与身体的多元性带来不同的认识与理解，还为理解地方性医学的合理性与局限性以及知识与文化的多元性提供不同的思路。

Miao medicine, as an important branch of ethnic medicine, its body models less concerned in the academic circles. This article investigates the body models of three Miao medical theories, including the current Miao Medicine’s Generative Theory, the Three Realms Theory and the Four Muscles Theory. On the basis of comparing the characteristics and differences of such models, this article analyzes the formation process as well as the characteristics and differenrces of the three medical paradigms and communities embedded behind them. At the same time, the author chooses the case of Miao Medicine’s Generative Theory in Xiangxi to conduct in-depth observation, and then tries to find the social and cultural roots of the coexistence of multiple medical theories and body models in Miao medicine.Finally, a theoretical reflection on the rearsch on the body models of Miao medicine is carried out.Unlike Tibetan, Mongolian, Uyghur, Dai, and Zhuang ethnic medicine, the current legitimacy and effectiveness of Miao medicine are still controversial. In the current situation, the construction of medical theory is one of the main ways to realize its legal identity, and the construction of the body model is an important part of its theoretical construction. Through the research, this article finds that, contemporary, Miao medicine not only has different body models, but also the models are inseparable from the influence of its theories. We can understand the body of Miao medicine from different angles and levels. The diversity of the body is not only manifested in different medical traditions, but also in the same medical tradition.From the perspective of the development process, the body models of the three Miao’s medical theories have not only undergone a transition from the early fragmentary, uncertain, non-systematic, and fluid “oral transmission” state to the current relatively clear and systematic state,whose “explanation of text” is closely entangled with social culture. The appearance of the three body models of Miao medicine is to a large extent the result of the comprehensive effect of nature and social culture. Through the case study of the body model of the Miao medicine’s Generative Theory, the author finds that the evolution history of this body model shows a relatively unique constructive feature, which is related to the social environment, cultural tradition, personal experience and knowledge of the builder. The structure and other levels are closely related. It can be considered that this model is a kind of "local knowledge" generated by specific motivations and external demands under a specific background. In fact, the three body models of the current Miao Medicine’s Generative Theory,the Three Realms Theroy and the Four Muscles Theory are not only imply different types of medical paradigms and medical communities, but also the community members who use these paradigms have diffenrent cognition and practice of the construction, understanding, and presentation of such paradigms. This phenomenon shows that the current Miao medicine is in a historical stage similar to (not completely equivalent to) “pre-science”, and it is relatively normal for several paradigms to coexist. The research on the body models of Miao medicine not only brings different knowledge and understanding to the multiple expressions of medicine and body, but also provides new ideas for understanding the rationality and limitations of local medicine and the multiple expression of related knowledge and culture.