历史文化街区是北京老城整体保护的重点与难点，已经开展了许多方法、路径各异的保护实践，但如今仍然面临风貌环境衰败、社会空间碎化等困境，亟需系统反思已有保护实践，探寻老城保护方向。而保护实践反思应建立在价值判断的基础上，历史性城市景观是新近提出的城市保护理论，契合于北京老城的发展背景与保护问题。因而研究在历史性城市景观启示下，建构“主体-领域-过程”模型，解释保护实践效果的影响因素与作用机制，并用以揭示北京老城历史文化街区保护实践的运行机制与现实基础，提出相应的保护策略建议。在理论建构部分，研究提出了历史性城市景观“重视保护思想的整体性与动态性、关注遗产价值的层积性与关联性、强调保护行动的延续性与公众性”的思想内涵，以及“多方参与共识建立”的行动内核，在理论启示下建构“主体-领域-过程”解释模型，提出主体成熟度和组织成熟度共同影响保护实践效果的机制。主体成熟度是内生影响因素，包括主体参与意愿和参与能力，直接影响实践的主体、领域、过程；组织成熟度是外生影响因素，包括目标设置、过程设计、机制保障有效性，通过引导、规范、约束主体行为，从而影响保护实践效果。 在实证解释部分，研究梳理了北京老城的保护与发展历程，识别了历史文化街区是当前北京老城价值传承与问题应对的重点和难点区域，进而聚焦其中的16个代表性保护实践案例开展实证研究。研究总结归纳并评价了北京老城历史文化街区保护实践的主体、领域、过程特征与成熟度基础：①伙伴关系以政府主导、前端公司实施、公众参与为主要模式，主体各领域各环节的参与意愿和参与能力存在差异且总体而言尚不成熟；②目标设置愈发重视风貌保护、居住改善、文化发展，但仍缺乏对保护与发展相关要素的整体考量以及对社会文脉价值的重视；③行动过程不断调整完善，公众参与度提升，但多方参与的过程设计与精细化的机制保障仍不成熟。研究进而分析并验证了主体成熟度与组织成熟度共同影响了北京老城历史文化街区保护实践的效果。在路径探寻部分，研究以多方参与共识建立为核心，以提升主体成熟度和组织成熟度为抓手提出北京老城历史文化街区保护建议：①加强宣传、教育、培训；②建立多方参与的历史性城市景观方法框架，并提供精细化的政策技术支持。

Historic and cultural area conservation is the key and difficult point of the overall conservation of the Beijing old city. Many conservation practices with different methods and paths have been carried out, but now they are still facing difficulties such as the continual dilapidation of landscape and fragmentation of society-space. It is urgent to systematically conclude the experiences and problems of these conservation practices and explore the direction of the old city conservation. Besides, the reflection on conservation practices should be based on value judgment. The Historic Urban Landscape is a newly proposed urban conservation theory, which is in line with the development background and conservation problems of the Beijing old city. Therefore, the research constructed the Stakeholder-Target-Process Model to explain the impact factors and mechanism of the conservation practice under the enlightenment of Historic Urban Landscape, reveal the mechanism of the conservation practices in historic and cultural areas in Beijing old city, and propose strategic suggestions for conservation practices.In the part of theoretical construction, the research explained the ideological connotation of Historic Urban Landscape as paying attention to the integrity and dynamics of conservation method, paying attention to the layering and relevance of heritage value, and emphasizing the continuity and publicity of conservation action, as well as the key point of the conservation action as multi-participation and consensus building. Then, the research constructed the Stakeholder-Target-Process Model under the theoretical enlightenment. It is proposed that the maturities of stakeholder and organization impact the effect of the conservation practice. Stakeholder maturity is an endogenous factor, including the willingness and ability to participate in the conservation practices of stakeholder. Stakeholder maturity directly impacts the partnerships, targets and process of the conservation practices. While organization maturity is an exogenous factor, including the effectiveness of target setting, process design and mechanism guarantee of the conservation practices. Organization maturity impacts the effect of the conservation practices by guiding, standardizing and restricting the behavior of the stakeholder.In the part of empirical study, the research combed the conservation and development process of Beijing old city, identified that historic and cultural area is the key and difficult point of value inheritance and problem resolution in Beijing old city nowadays, and then focused on 16 representative conservation practice cases to carry out empirical research. The research summarized and evaluated the characteristics and maturity of stakeholders, targets and process of the conservation practices in historic and cultural areas in Beijing old city, found that: ① the main pattern of partnership is government domination, companies implementation and public participation, while there are differences in the willingness and ability of stakeholders in various target fields and action links; ②the target setting pays more attention to landscape conservation, residential improvement and cultural development, but it still lacks the overall consideration of relevant elements of conservation and development as well as the value of social context; ③ the action process has been continuously adjusted and improved, and the degree of public participation has been improved, but the multi-participation process design and refined mechanism guarantee are still immature. The research further analyzed and verified that the stakeholder maturity and organization maturity jointly impact the effects of the conservation practices in historic and cultural areas in Beijing old city.In the part of path exploration, the research proposed suggestions on the conservation practices in historic and cultural areas in Beijing old city that improve the stakeholder maturity and organization maturity based on multi-participation and consensus building. On the one hand, the research proposed the long-term mechanism of publicity and education. On the other hand, the research established a multi-participation framework of Historic Urban Landscape approach, and proposed the timely response measures of policy and technical support.