在碳减排的背景下，零碳的氨气开始受到关注。氨的生产制备技术成熟、工业应用广泛、存储运输成本，但是燃烧速度低、可燃范围小、热值低、点火能高都阻碍其成为替代燃料。增强氨燃烧并且同时保证零碳的主要手段是加氢和富氧燃烧。氨/氢混合燃料要成为各种燃烧器的替代燃料，必须掌握其燃烧特性。本文采用考虑详细化学反应机理的零维均质模型、可压缩的一维数值模拟和ZND爆轰结构求解器，研究氨/氢混合燃料的自着火、强制点火、火焰传播和爆轰特性。 首先通过数值模拟研究了氨气/氢气/氧气的爆炸极限，考虑了燃料从纯氢到纯氨的变化。结果表明，氢气能够显著地促进氨气氧化，特别是在中低压范围内，因为氢气引入的高活性氢原子，很快能够主导反应。而高压下，HNO和H2NO与氢氧反应中的HO2和H2O2活性相当，导致第三极限随掺氢比的变化不大。为了说明第二极限在高掺氢比下反应性略高于纯氢氧体系，研究了氨的燃烧产物一氧化氮对氢氧爆炸极限的影响，明确了一氧化氮促进氢氧反应的路径和临界含量。 其次通过一维数值模拟计算了氨气/氢气混合燃料的球形火焰点火和点火核传播的过程，得到了不同条件下的临界点火条件和最小点火能。对于纯氨，当量比会显著地影响最小点火能，当量比偏离1左右会使最小点火能迅速增大。掺氢比?=0.2，或富氧比?=0.3，都能使最小点火能降低到氨气/空气的1/6左右，与同样条件下纯氢相差不大，显著加强点火。 接下来对一维球形火焰传播的模拟发现，辐射热损失对纯氨燃烧的影响不可忽略，但其作用随着氢的加入减弱。层流燃烧速度随?指数增加，随𝑏线性增加，?=0.4或𝑏=0.4都能使常压下火焰加速到甲烷火焰的水平。燃烧气体的Markstein长度随?的增加先减小后增大，随?的增加而减小。这说明，掺混氢气和增加氧气含量在点火和火焰传播过程中都能起到很好的促进作用，并且掺氢会改变氨的燃烧稳定性。掺氢和加氧对层流燃烧速度的增强作用都给出了定量的结果。 最后通过数值模拟计算了氨/氢在无障碍物的封闭腔室内平面火焰加速传播和爆燃转爆轰过程。发现掺氢比大于等于0.2时，火焰加速能形成爆轰，揭示了化学反应与压力波的耦合对爆轰形成的作用。模拟了氨/氢的一维ZND爆轰结构，发现诱导长度随掺氢比的变化是非线性的，掺氢比小于0.2时，诱导长度的减小显著，与爆轰发展的模拟结果一致。
To reduce carbon emissions, zerocarbonammonia has attracted attentions. Except mature production and preparation technology, extensive industrial applications, low storage and transportation costs, ammonia has low laminar flame speed, small combustible range, low heat value, and high ignition energy. All of these prevent it from becoming an alternative fuel. The main ways to enhance ammonia combustion and meanwhile ensure zerocarbon emission are hydrogen addition and oxygen enrichment. To become an alternative fuel for various burners, combustion characteristics of ammoniahydrogen binary fuel blends have to be understood comprehensively. Thus, zerodimensional and onedimensional numerical simulations detailed chemical reaction mechanisms are used to study the explosion limit, ignition energy, flame propagation and detonation characteristics of ammoniahydrogen binary fuel blends. First, the explosion limit of ammoniahydrogenoxygen mixture is studied by numerical simulation, and the change of fuel from pure hydrogen to pure ammonia is considered. The results show that hydrogen can significantly promote the oxidation of ammonia, especially in the lowand mediumpressure range, because the highly reactive H atoms introduced by hydrogen can quickly dominate the reaction. Under high pressure, HNO and H2NO have the similar activity as HO2 and H2O2 in the hydrogenoxygen reaction, resulting in little change in the third limit with the hydrogen ratio. In order to explain that the reactivity is slightly higher than that of the pure hydrogenoxygen system under high hydrogen ratio at the second limit, the influence of nitric oxide, which is ammonia combustion product, on the hydrogenoxygen explosion limit is studied. And clarify the reaction path and critical content of nitric oxide promoting the hydrogenoxygen reaction. Second, the ammoniahydrogen spherical flame ignition and ignition kernel propagation process is calculated by onedimensional numerical simulation. The critical ignition conditions and minimum ignition energy (MIE) under different conditions are obtained. For pure ammonia, the equivalence ratio significantly affects the MIE, and the deviation of the equivalence ratio from about 1 will cause the MIE to increase rapidly. It is found that ether hydrogen ratio of 0.2, or oxygen ratio in the oxidant 0.3 of can reduce the MIE to 1/6 of the ammoniaair mixture, which is almost the same as hydrogenfuel under the same conditions. The effect of strengthening the ignition is remarkable. Besides, the simulation of spherical flame propagation indicates that the laminar flame speed increases exponentially with the hydrogen ratio in fuel, and linearly increases with the oxygen ratio in oxidant. The hydrogen ratio of 0.4 or the oxygen ratio of 0.4 can accelerate the ammonia flame speed to the level of methane flame speed under normal pressure. Markstein length of burned mixture first decrease and then increase with the hydrogen ratio, while decrease with oxygen ratio. This shows that adding hydrogen and increasing oxygen ratio would both promote ignition and flame propagation. And hydrogen addition would change the combustion stability of ammonia. The effects of hydrogen and oxygen addition on the enhancement of laminar flame speed both are given quantitative results. Finally, the process of planar flame propagation and deflagrationtodetonation transition of ammoniahydrogen binary fuel blends in a closed chamber without obstacles is calculated by numerical simulation with detailed chemistry model. It is found that if hydrogen ratio gets to 0.2, detonation could be developed after flame acceleration. This reveals the effect of the coupling of chemical reaction and pressure wave on the formation of detonation. The onedimensional ZND detonation structure of ammoniahydrogen binary fuel blends is simulated, and it is found that the induction length changes with the hydrogen ratio nonlinearly. When the hydrogen ratio is less than 0.2, the induction length decreases significantly, which is consistent with the simulation results of detonation development.
