文化思想虽作为社会上层建筑，但其发展演变与经济基础和政治背景密切相关，正如法国史学家费尔南·布罗代尔所说的那样“文明毕竟建立在土地上”。同时，作为针对文物古迹价值建构这一特定领域和时段的事件史，又与受自然硬性条件影响而缓慢发展的宏观史不同，在这部短暂激动的历史中，特殊的事件、政治和人物成为重要的引导因素。因此，综合特定时间内的历史背景和相关行动实践的分析，才能尽可能展现思想变迁的历史全貌。本文结合文献梳理和案例分析方法，通过对相关历史史实的搜集和归纳对文物古迹价值建构进行包括科学发展、社会变革的一系列与价值认知相关的跨学科信息统筹，分析不同侧面因素影响下的衍生的转折和发展，尝试再现从清末开始直至上个世纪50年代末的文物古迹价值认知发展轨迹，揭示其与社会变革和学术演变的内在联动关系。中国早期的文物古迹价值主要分为四个阶段：保护实践起始于清末时期的西学浪潮中，史学首先作为连接西方先进科学的桥梁而成为改革的前沿并因此而萌生出国粹的保护意识，同时民族资产阶级和政府在推动政治改革中亦出现基于社会教育功能的古物保护实践。辛亥革命之后，政府加速推进了基于社会功能的文物古迹保护，而考古学的成长建立起围绕保护埋藏古物历史学术价值的保护学术团体。南京国民政府时期，经济文化得到迅速发展。学者开始参与到政府的文物古迹保护实践之中，组建专门保护管理机构并设立法律保障。建筑史研究从艺术界基于形式的解读到建筑史研究方法的确立，传统建筑终于基于营造学社贡献而建立起从结构理性主义出发的断代史研究框架。因此，内政部、教育部等部门均展现出专业的建筑学术价值调查和立法。尤其是城市发展中出现的对传统建筑遗迹和形式的探讨，以及北平市政府组建的文物古迹专门修缮机构，正式形成了具有现代保护意义的保护工程实施机制。新中国成立后，虽然在政府和学界的保护和研究中价值认知多呈现出对南京国民政府时期的延续，也在社会和政治背景驱动下的感染上独特的时代特点。

Although cultural thought is regarded as the superstructure of society, its development and evolution are closely related to the economic foundation and political background. As the French historian Fernand Braudel said, "civilization is built on the land after all.". At the same time, the history of events, as a specific field and period of time for the construction of the value of cultural relics and historic sites, is different from the macro history, which is slowly developing under the influence of natural hard conditions. In this short and exciting history, special events, politics and figures become important guiding factors. Therefore, the comprehensive analysis of the historical background and related action practice in a specific time can show the historical panorama of ideological change as far as possible. Based on the methods of literature review and case analysis, through the collection and induction of relevant historical facts, this paper makes a series of Interdisciplinary Information Coordination on the value construction of cultural relics and historic sites, including scientific development and social change, and analyzes the derivative turning and development under the influence of different factors, This paper attempts to reproduce the development track of the value cognition of cultural relics and historic sites from the end of the Qing Dynasty to the end of the 1950s, and reveals its internal linkage with social change and academic evolution.The value of cultural relics and historic sites in early China can be divided into four stages: the practice of conservation began in the wave of Western learning in the late Qing Dynasty, and historiography first became the forefront of reform as a bridge to connect western advanced science, and thus sprouted the consciousness of national quintessence protection. At the same time, the practice of conservation of cultural relics and historic sites based on the function of social education also appeared in the promotion of political reform by the national asset class and the government. After the revolution of 1911, the government accelerated the protection of cultural relics and historic sites based on social functions, and the growth of archaeology established a protection academic group around the protection of the historical and academic value of buried antiquities. During the period of Nanjing National Government, economy and culture developed rapidly. Scholars began to participate in the practice of the government's cultural relics protection, set up special protection and management agencies and set up legal protection. From the interpretation of art based on form to the establishment of research methods of architectural history, traditional architecture has finally established a research framework of dynastic history from structural rationalism based on the contribution of construction society. Therefore, the Ministry of the interior, the Ministry of education and other departments have shown professional architectural academic value investigation and legislation. In particular, the discussion of traditional architectural relics and forms in the development of the city, as well as the special repair organization of cultural relics and historic sites established by the Beiping municipal government, have formally formed a protection engineering implementation mechanism with modern protection significance. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, although in the protection and research of the government and academia, the value cognition showed the continuation of the period of Nanjing National Government, but also in the social and political background driven by the unique characteristics of the times.