鞍钢宪法诞生于二十世纪六十年代初的中国，是中国社会主义现代化道路的光辉路标。站在新时代的历史起点上，对鞍钢宪法的历史生成、理论内涵和批判意蕴进行新的研究，有利于深入理解社会主义现代化的历史维度和理论实质。现代化进步较晚的社会主义国家如何在加速实现现代化的同时抵御资本主义现代性的侵蚀，是一个历史难题。鞍钢宪法以苏联的马钢宪法为对立面，是中国反思苏联现代化模式、总结本土实践经验的理论结晶。但是，在学界既有的研究中，对鞍钢宪法与马钢宪法的深入对比分析不足，因而对鞍钢宪法的理论内涵和批判意蕴发掘得不够充分，不能从超越资本主义现代性的社会主义现代化探索的角度来把握鞍钢宪法的精神实质。鞍钢宪法诞生于“大跃进”运动和整风运动中，历史地被赋予了双重理论内涵：赶超式发展和工人阶级劳动解放。这一基本内涵在鞍钢宪法五条原则中皆有体现。第一，“政治挂帅”实质是反对“技术决定论”和“经济决定论”，强调生产变革时期思想政治的首要地位和引领作用，这是鞍钢宪法的理论原则；第二，坚持党的领导是鞍钢宪法的重要原则，强调党是社会主义现代化事业的核心领导力量，是社会主义政治方向的根本保证；第三，鞍钢宪法主张的群众性技术革新既有效地实现了技术革新，又打破了技术权威对工人的压迫；第四，“两参一改三结合”是鞍钢宪法理论内涵的制度表达，是社会主义企业管理的制度精髓。鞍钢宪法具有超越资本主义现代性的批判意蕴。第一，超越资本主义现代性的物化逻辑，打破了现代工厂的三种物化权威——科层制权威、知识技术权威和物质利益权威，恢复了劳动者作为“人”的目的和力量；第二，鞍钢宪法批判资本主义现代性的个人主义逻辑，主张一种为阶级利益奋斗的集体主义，酝酿着一种崭新姿态的现代社会价值观；第三，鞍钢宪法冲破了西方中心主义的现代化叙事，标志着中国开始对现代化建设问题形成自己的理论主张和道路自信，贡献出超越资本主义现代性的中国方案和社会主义思路，具有世界历史意义。
The Angang Constitution was born in China in the early 1960s and is a key signpost for China's socialist modernization. Standing at the historical starting point of the new era, conducting new research on the historical formation, theoretical connotation and critical implication of The Angang Constitution is conducive to a deep understanding of the historical dimensions and theoretical essence of socialist modernization.The Angang Constitution takes the Magang Constitution of the Soviet Union as the opposite, and is the theoretical crystallization of China's reflection on the Soviet Union's modernization model and summarizing local practical experience. How to resist the erosion of capitalist modernity while accelerating the realization of modernization in socialist countries that have advanced late in modernization is a historical problem. The empirical results of Soviet practical exploration are condensed in the Magang Constitution, and its success or failure can be seen in the Magang Constitution. The Anshan Iron and Steel Constitution opposes the basic content of the Magang Constitution, such as the "one-manager system", material incentives, and the management of the factory by experts. Based on the local practical experience in China, it correspondingly proposes the "factory director responsibility system under the leadership of the party committee", "political leadership", and " The basic propositions such as "mass technological innovation" and "two-participation, one-reform and three-combination" are aimed at transcending capitalist modernity and ensuring the socialist development direction of modernization.The Angang Constitution was born in the "Great Leap Forward" movement and the rectification movement, and was historically endowed with dual theoretical connotations: catch-up development and labor emancipation of the working class. This basic connotation is reflected in the five principles of the Angang Constitution. First, "Politics in command" essentially opposes "technical determinism" and "economic determinism" and emphasizes the primacy and leading role of ideological and political in the period of production change. This is the theoretical principle of the Angang constitution; second, adhere to the party's leadership It is an important principle of the Angang Constitution, emphasizing that the party is the core leading force of socialist modernization and the fundamental guarantee of the socialist political direction; third, the mass technological innovation advocated by The Angang Constitution not only effectively achieves technological innovation, but also breaks The oppression of workers by technical authority; fourth, "two-participation, one-reform and three-combination" is the system expression of the connotation of the Angang constitutional theory and the essence of the system of socialist enterprise management.The Angang Constitution has a critical connotation that transcends the modernity of capitalism. First, the materialization logic that transcends the modernity of capitalism breaks the three materialized authorities of modern factories-bureaucratic authority, knowledge and technology authority, and material benefit authority, and restores the purpose and power of laborers as "human beings"; Second, The Angang Constitution criticizes the individualistic logic of capitalist modernity and advocates a revolutionary class collectivism, brewing a new attitude of modern social values; third, The Angang Constitution breaks through the modern narrative of Western centrism and marks China began to form its own theoretical propositions and self-confidence in the path of modernization, and contributed Chinese solutions and socialist ideas that surpassed the modernity of capitalism, which has world historical significance.
