学校体育思想研究属于学校体育领域的基础理论研究，其研究成果既关乎学科知识体系的完整度，也决定体育教学改革实践走向。现有研究显示，学校体育思想流变研究为学校体育理论研究的薄弱部分，存在体系缺失、论述简略、思路重复等诸多问题。基于完善学校体育思想体系与提升思想指导效力的现实需要，本文以中国近现代学校体育思想的流变为研究对象，在前人研究的基础上，立足动态观察视角，借助思想史研究范式，运用文献资料、历史分析、文本分析、专家访谈研究方法，详细梳理不同时段出现的15种学校体育思想的流变过程，并在整体把握我国学校体育思想发展总体脉络的基础上，总结学校体育思想流变的基本特质，阐述学校体育思想发展面临的机遇与挑战，提出未来中国学校体育思想的发展愿景。研究发现：1. 整体来看，中国学校体育思想的发展经历了第一次鸦片战争至五四前（1840-1919）、五四至新中国成立前（1919-1949）、新中国成立至改革开放前（1949-1978）、改革开放至今（1978-）四个阶段。因每个阶段的时代需要与教育导向存在差异，各阶段内不同学校体育思想的主旨、内容、发展轨迹也展现出明显区别。2. 中国学校体育思想流变类型包括政府倡导型、专家推动型、基层流传型三类，三种类型各有其独特的优势与劣势。3. 中国学校体育思想流变表现出“从交替发展到多元并进”的形态转变、“从服务社会到关注个体”的目标转变、“从引鉴国外到自主探索”的路径转变、“从缓慢推进到快速更新”的速度转变四种特征。4. 中国学校体育思想流变动因主要包括国家需要驱动、社会发展驱动、教学改进驱动、增强体质驱动、激发兴趣驱动五类。5. 中国学校体育思想流变动机制包括“质疑-优化”机制、“指令-执行”机制、“冲击-回应”机制、“引入-完善”机制四种。6. 结合中国学校体育思想流变进程及时代处境的分析，认为学校体育地位提升、学术研究视野拓展、信息技术全面普及将为中国学校体育思想发展带来机遇，但同时学校体育思想发展也面临思想认知泛化、思想认同度低与指导效果不佳等多重挑战。7. 基于对各类学校体育思想发展现状的考量及对未来思想发展的期待，本研究提出了六大发展愿景：思想建构更加规范、思想关系更加融洽、实践导向更加明确、本国特色更加彰显、传播渠道更加通畅、主体合作更加紧密。
The research on school physical education thought belongs to the basic theoretical research in the field of school physical education. Its research results are not only related to the integrity of the subject knowledge system, but also determine the direction of physical education teaching reform practice. The existing research shows that the research on the ideological change of school physical education is a weak part of the theoretical research on school physical education, and there are many problems, such as the lack of system, the brevity of discussion, the repetition of ideas and so on. Based on the practical needs of improving the ideological system of school physical education and improving the effectiveness of ideological guidance, this paper takes the evolution of Chinese modern school physical education thought as the research object, based on the previous research, based on the perspective of dynamic observation, with the help of ideological history research paradigm, using the methods of literature review, historical analysis, text analysis and expert interview, combs in detail the problems in different periods Based on the overall grasp of the overall context of the development of China's school physical education thought, this paper summarizes the basic characteristics of school physical education thought, expounds the opportunities and challenges faced by the development of school physical education thought, and puts forward the development vision of China's school physical education thought in the future.The results are as follows: 1. On the whole, the development of Chinese school physical education thought has experienced four stages: from the first Opium War to the May 4th Movement (1840-1919), from the May 4th movement to the founding of new China (1919-1949), from the founding of new China to the reform and opening up (1949-1978), and from the reform and opening up to now (1978 -). Because of the differences in the needs of the times and education orientation in each stage, the theme, content and development track of different school physical education thoughts in each stage also show obvious differences. 2. There are three types of school physical education thoughts in China: government initiated, expert driven and grass-roots spreading. Each of the three types has its own unique advantages and disadvantages. 3. The evolution of Chinese school physical education thought shows four characteristics: the change of form from alternate development to multiple development, the change of goal from serving the society to paying attention to the individual, the change of path from learning from foreign countries to independent exploration, and the change of speed from slow progress to rapid renewal. 4. The reasons for the change of Chinese school physical education thoughts mainly include five types: national needs drive, social development drive, teaching improvement drive, physical fitness drive and interest drive. 5. The motivation system of Chinese school physical education ideological change includes "query optimization" mechanism, "instruction execution" mechanism, "impact response" mechanism and "Introduction perfection" mechanism. 6. Based on the analysis of the evolution process of Chinese School Physical Education Thought and the situation of the times, the author thinks that the promotion of school physical education status, the expansion of academic research vision and the comprehensive popularization of information technology will bring opportunities for the development of Chinese school physical education thought, but at the same time, the development of school physical education thought also faces multiple challenges, such as the generalization of ideological cognition, low ideological identity and poor guidance effect. 7. Based on the consideration of the current situation of all kinds of school physical education thought development and the good expectation of the future ideological development, this study puts forward six development visions: more standardized ideological construction, more harmonious ideological relationship, more clear practice orientation, more prominent national characteristics, more smooth communication channels, and closer subject cooperation.
