晚清邮政包含新旧中西的复杂面相，既是传统驿站的延续，也是新式洋务通讯的移植。本论文从“邮”的功能性特征出发探讨邮政时—空关系的演变和邮政经济发展的特征；从“政”的结构性特征出发探讨邮政内部组织人事制度的建设和外部政策环境、发展战略与国家—社会的互动。邮政现代化搭乘了时空革命的快车。传统邮驿体系的时—空关系以地理远近和政治关系为基础，是传统政治地理思维的产物。迭至晚清，海关试办邮政初期邮路建设的实践和递运工具、技术的改变，使传统邮驿与新式邮政运输的时效差异日渐突出，其中“邮政时刻表”和“旅行时间图”反映了新式邮政的时效经营策略及对时空结构和时空观念的新形塑。新式邮政对传统驿传体系的冲击表现在邮路、邮政网点的布局对驿路、驿站静态空间格局的交叉与侵压，邮递运输的工业化标准时间对农业化时代时间观念的改变及邮件包裹的流量、邮局利润和商品资本的聚散对原有时空秩序的重塑。邮政现代化的主动力源于经济结构的变迁。一是邮政部门经济结构的变化。不仅借鉴了英国的邮政经验，通过邮票、邮资费和会计册等具体的操作办法，形成了较为完善的邮政经济收支体系和追求利润的经营模式，而且新式邮政在海关的管理下，形成了一套新的组织人事制度，该制度是英国邮政制度、海关制度和本土经验、人力资源三种力量的融合与实践。二是中国社会经济结构的变化。晚清新式邮政的发展既没有经历英国产业革命和经济结构的转型，也没有经历国家财政的近代化转变，但却面临着资本主义国家的压迫，导致现代化转型举步维艰，国内市场畸形发展。这些问题和压力对晚清国家治理能力是严峻的考验。现代化邮政需要制度革命。清末新政设立了邮传部，对邮政发展做出了长远规划。邮政收归国有的过程复杂而艰难，清廷与海关、中央与地方、国家与社会的各方参与和利益争夺影响了邮政落地的实效，地方邮、驿并行新旧力量缠绕的格局，增加了地方政务和财政压力。这一混乱局面是清廷缺乏自上而下由中央到地方的统筹和统治无力的表现。尽管新政有限度地解决了邮政发展的一些问题，但仍面临新的矛盾。邮政发展既要有国家的支持，也需要与社会经济生活等不同层面的互动和调适。总体上，邮政现代化既是一场时空革命，也是一场制度革命。邮政发展需要对国家—社会二元关系进行整合，这是邮政现代化的要求，也是近代国家转型和国家治理的题中之义。

The post in the late Qing dynasty, containing the complicated aspect of all times, was not only the extension of the traditional courier station, but also the exertion of the new-type communication from the west. This paper tries to discuss the evolution of the postal space-time relations, as well as the characters of the postal economy, both basing on the function of the post, named you. What’s more, this paper also talks about the personnel system and the external policy environment and the development strategy, including the interaction of the state-society, basing on the structure of the post, named zheng.The postal modernization engaged in the revolution of the space-time. The space-time relations of the traditional post, based on the distance and politics, was the product of the traditional political geography thinking. Till the late Qing, at the beginning of the modern post operated by the Customs, the practice of the postal route construction and the change of the transferred tools and technologies made the speed increasingly prominent from the traditional postal service to the new postal service, among which the postal timetable and travel-time chart reflected the time-management strategy and the new shape of the space-time structure and the space-time concept.The new post impacted the traditional post deeply. On the one hand, specifically, the layout of the postal route and the postal outlets intersected the statical spatial pattern of the post road and courier station. On the other hand, the industrial standard time of the postal transport promoted from the agrarian age and the quantities of the packages and the profit of the post offices, as well as the separation and reunion of the commercial capital have reshaped the previous space-time order.The changing economic structure generated the postal modernization. Firstly, economic structure of postal administration department was changed, which had learned the postal construction from the England, that by using the stamps and postage and the accounting books had formed the full equipped postal economical system and the business model for the profit. Moreover, the new post conducted by the customs had cultivated the new-style personnel system, which composed of post system and customs system and human resources from England. Secondly, economic structure of the Chinese social economy was changed. The new post in late Qing, forced by the capitalist countries, without the experience of the industrial revolution and of the transition of economic structure, was hard to develop to the modernization and led to deformed domestic market. All the problems and the pressures extremely challenged the national governance capacities.It was necessary to carry out the institutional revolution for the modern post. The Post and Communication Department, set up during the Late Qing Reforms, made a long-term plan for the development of the post. It was too hard and complicated to nationalize the post because of the tripartite confliction, by which of the Qing government and the customs and of the central government and the local government and of the state and the society made adverse effects to the conducting of the post. What’s more, the new-type post and the courier station coexisted, which enhanced the politic and financial pressure in the local places. This disorder situation was the results of that the Qing government disabled to govern or control the whole society, which had been partly solved after the Late Qing Reforms, but lots of new troubles kept remained. The post couldn’t develop well without the support of government or the adjustment by every field from the society. In a word, the postal modernization was both space-time revolution and institutional revolution, and besides that the concordance and rearrangement of the state and society was the way for modernization of the post, as well as the requirements of the modernization of the state and of the administration of the governance.