图案化特殊浸润性表面在集水、生化医疗检测、制药、冷凝、传热、海水淡化等领域具有重要应用前景，但关于图案化特殊浸润性表面的研究远未达到成熟水平，在制备和实际应用中面临诸多挑战，如大面积集水与自驱动集水难以兼得、液滴锚固与释放能力难以平衡、表面的稳定性与耐久性差、容易交叉污染以及难以实现图案区域润湿性快速、可逆、远程调控等等，尚有待系统深入地研究。发展了基于超快激光技术的超亲水/超疏水图案化表面制备工艺，受紫荆花叶网状叶脉结构的启发，提出了超亲水/超疏水网状叶脉集水方案，研究了液滴的凝结、聚集、运输、驱动行为，实现了大面积、自驱动、高效集水。对比研究了不同倾斜角度、温度、湿度和风速等多种条件下的集水现象和规律，超亲水/超疏水网状叶脉结构表面相比于超疏水表面，在倾斜角度为90°、60°和30°时的集水效率分别提高了166%、352%和644%。提出了超滑/超双疏图案化表面的设计与制备新策略，结合甲壳虫背部的锚固能力、蝴蝶翅膀的定向粘附能力和超滑表面的低粘附力，开发出具有优异定向锚固能力的“>”形超滑/超双疏图案化表面，解决了高通量应用中液滴锚固和释放难以兼得的问题；利用该表面实现了对大批量液滴的高通量同时抓取、转移和释放。与传统的图案化表面相比，超滑/超双疏表面表现出更好的稳定性、耐腐蚀性和抗交叉污染能力。提出了针对图案化表面润湿性的油控调控新方法，实现对图案化表面润湿性的快速、可逆、远程调控新功能。运用超快激光技术制备出两种油控表面，即油控Cassie-超滑/超双疏图案化表面和油控Wenzel-超滑/超双疏图案化表面，研究了油控润湿转变行为和油控液滴运动行为。润湿性油控法丰富了液滴的操控能力，实现了对液滴的捕获、引导、转向、驱动、拖拽、推进、拉扯和启动等自如操控。本文研究成果在集水和高通量生物化学检测、分析和筛选、生物传感器、液滴微流控、冷凝传热等众多领域有良好应用前景；所发展的超快激光制备工艺、设计原则和调控方法为深入理解图案化表面液滴操控行为与表面结构因素之间的内在联系提供了理论与实验依据。
Patterned surfaces with special wettability possess important application prospects in various fields, such as water collection, biochemical analysis, pharmacy, condensation, heat transfer, seawater desalination, etc. However, the research on the patterned surfaces is far from reaching the mature level. It is difficult to achieve both large-area and self-driven water collection and difficult to possess both good droplet anchoring and releasing capabilities for a patterned surface. In addition, patterned surfaces usually face the drawback of poor stability, corrosion resistance and cross-contamination resistance and being difficult to be reversibly switched. Therefore, many challenges still need to be systematically and deeply studied. An ultra-fast laser based technology was developed to fabricate super-hydrophilic/superhydrophobic patterned surface. Inspired by redbud venation, this work proposed a superhydrophilic/superhydrophobic venation network and achieved a large-area, self-driven and efficient water collection. Droplets condensing, assembling, transporting, and self-driving behaviors during the water collecting process were studied. The water collection phenomenon and efficiency at various conditions, including different tilt angles, temperature, humidity and wind speed, was comparatively studied. Enhancements of 166%, 352% and 644% for water collection were respectively achieved by superhydrophilic/superhydrophobic venation network, at the tilt angles of 90°, 60° and 30°, compared with superhydrophobic surfaces. A liquid-infused patterned superamphiphobic surface was designed and fabricated. Combining the anchoring ability of the beetle's back, the directional adhesion ability of butterfly wings and the low adhesion of the slippery liquid-infused surface, this work provides a “>”-shaped liquid-infused patterned superamphiphobic surface with directional anchoring ability, and achieves both good droplet anchoring and releasing ability. Applying this surface, this work achieves various high-throughput droplet manipulation manners, including high-throughput droplet capturing, moving and releasing. Compared with the traditional patterned surfaces, the liquid-infused patterned superamphiphobic surface exhibits better stability, corrosion resistance and cross-contamination resistance.
