基于病理切片的诊断技术常用于分析癌症、器官性病变等情况，是癌症诊断的金标准。病理诊断技术中常见的染色方法是HE染色，其显色原理是两种不同化学物质分别与细胞内核和细胞质反应产生不同的颜色。随着切片处理需求量日益增多，组织切片手工染色逐渐被自动化染色技术所替代。目前自动化染色技术以浸染式最为常见，但现有的自动染色技术存在染色污染（尤其是交叉污染）、染色恒定性差、试剂不环保等缺点。本课题以单独染色、环保无毒、日处理量高为目标，设计和开发一种新型全自动组织切片染色系统。本文以滴染为染色方式，采用新型的环保脱蜡剂，设计可以放置20片载玻片的圆形托盘，通过增加对流加热步骤来缩短脱蜡时间。加热模块中，本文对圆柱形空腔内流场分布进行仿真，仿真结果显示其内部径向流速过低导致对流不充分。加热模块设置直导叶挡板和增加其风机转速来改善内部温度均匀性。滴染模块中，选用公共喷头-试剂的连接方式，通过控制电磁阀来选通不同试剂。设置公共空腔，简化电磁阀组结构，选择电磁阀-公共空腔-蠕动泵-喷头的工作模式。分液时，通过蠕动泵将试剂泵送到公共空腔，随后通过与喷头连接的蠕动泵转动将液体从喷头滴出。换液时，通过与喷头连接的蠕动泵反转可将液体泵送到公共空腔，随后由真空发生器将空腔内液体吸走。将吸废液流道和分液流道设置为两个互不相交的独立流道，通过底部环绕的小孔将废液吸走。利用仿真分析喷头吸废液情况，根据仿真结果，我们可将载玻片沿着标签处抬高1.5度，使废液集中在负压最大的小孔周围，便于其吸收完全。本文搭建了滴染模块的工作平台，进行HE染色失败原因测试，将45块阑尾切片根据划分的8个染色步骤平均分成9组，第1组为对照组，其余每组对应1个步骤。第1组全过程由人工完成，其余各组对应步骤由滴染设备完成，余下步骤由人工完成。结果显示部分组中的切片分别出现试剂污染和红色较淡现象。本文采用在苏木精管道增加过滤装置和延长伊红的反应时间两个方法对滴染模块进行优化。优化后，用110块组织切片分成10组，第一组为人工操作，其余各组分批次在搭建好的滴染模块中染色，对其在透明度、污染情况、核质对比、染色恒定性方面进行打分，其中在透明度上、核质对比上与传统方法效果无差别，在污染情况、染色恒定性方面评分要高于传统方法。
Pathological diagnosis technology is widely used in the diagnosis of diseases such as cancer and organ diseases. It is determined by staining tissue sections and then determining cells and tissues under microscope observation. The most common staining method is HE staining, which uses two different chemistries. Matter and cell core and matter react to produce different colors. With the increasing amount of slice processing, tissue slice staining is gradually being replaced by automated staining technology. At present, the most common automatic dyeing technology is dip dyeing, but the existing automatic dyeing technology has the disadvantages of dyeing pollution (especially cross-contamination), poor constancy, not environmentally friendly, and toxic. This subject aims at individual staining, environmental protection and non-toxicity, and high daily processing capacity. Design and development of a new type of fully automatic tissue section staining system.In this paper, drip dyeing is used as the dyeing method, a new environmentally friendly dewaxing agent is used, and the circular tray is designed as a glass slide carrier. The circular tray can hold 20 slides, and convection heating can shorten the dewaxing time. In the heating module, the flow field distribution of the cylindrical cavity is simulated. The simulation results show that the radial flow velocity is too low and the circumferential flow velocity is too high, resulting in insufficient convection intensity. By setting straight guide vane baffles and speeding up the fan speed to increase its temperature uniformity Sex. In the drip dyeing module, a common nozzle is selected, and different reagents are controlled by solenoid valves. Set up a common cavity, simplify the number of solenoid valves, select the operating mode of solenoid valve-common cavity-peristaltic pump-spray head, when dispensing, pump the reagent to the common cavity through the peristaltic pump, and then connect the peristaltic pump through the spray head Drop the liquid from the nozzle. When the liquid is changed, the peristaltic pump connected to the nozzle is reversed to pump the liquid to the common cavity, and then the liquid in the cavity is sucked away by the vacuum generator. Set up the waste liquid suction and liquid separation into different flow channels, the suction liquid is provided by the vacuum generator to suck up the waste liquid through the small holes surrounding the bottom of the nozzle in the flow channel in the nozzle, and analyze the characteristics of the nozzle suction waste liquid by simulation. Raise the glass slide by 1.5 degrees along the label, so that the waste liquid is concentrated around the small hole with the largest negative pressure, so that the waste liquid can be absorbed completely.The working platform of the drip dyeing module was built to test the causes of HE staining failure. The 45 appendix slices were divided into groups according to the staining steps. There are 9 groups in total, each corresponding to one step. The whole process of the first group is completed manually, and the rest of the groups The corresponding steps are completed by drip dyeing equipment, and the remaining steps are completed manually. It was found that reagent contamination and faint redness occurred in the hematoxylin reaction step and the eosin reaction step performed by the drip dyeing module, respectively. Analyze the reasons, improve the drip dyeing module, add a filter device in the hematoxylin pipeline to extend the reaction time of eosin, and clean the public cavity before starting the machine. After improvement, 110 tissue sections were divided into 10 groups. The first group was manually operated, and the rest of the components were dyed in the built-up drip dyeing module, and its transparency, pollution, nucleoplasm contrast, and dyeing consistency In terms of scoring, there is no difference in transparency and nucleo-cytoplasmic comparison with the traditional dyeing effect, and the pollution and dyeing constancy score is higher than that of the traditional method.
