挥发性有机物（VOCs）不仅是造成室外大气雾霾和臭氧污染的重要前驱体，也是造成室内环境污染的主要因素。为了改善空气质量、保护人民身体健康，探索研制对VOCs具有高吸附容量、疏水性和可低温快速再生的吸附材料具有重要的科学意义和重大的实用价值。本论文从内外表面疏水改性、凝胶化和碳化3个方面对金属有机框架（MOFs）材料的结构和形貌进行修饰改性，以获得高性能的VOCs吸附材料。本论文的主要研究内容和成果如下：（1）通过水热或者溶剂热法合成6种不同类型的MOFs，并以13X分子筛和活性炭作为对照，对比分析了不同多孔材料对微量甲苯的吸附性能。在干气条件下，CAU-1、HKUST-1和活性炭对甲苯的吸附性能较好。在不同的湿度条件下，CAU-1对甲苯的吸附性能更好。综合比较材料的稳定性、吸附性、疏水性和再生性，对于微量甲苯去除而言，CAU-1在8种多孔材料中性能最佳。（2）通过酸酐与CAU-1的氨基发生酰胺反应对内表面进行疏水修饰，并采用PDMS蒸镀的方法进行外表面修饰进一步提升疏水性。经过内外表面修饰后，在室温和50%相对湿度（RH）条件下，与未改性的CAU-1相比，p0.5-CAU-1-vale对水蒸气的吸附量降低了80%；在50% RH条件下，p0.5-CAU-1-vale对1 ppm甲苯的吸附量达到6.82 mg/g，显著高于CAU-1（0.98 mg/g）和其他多孔材料。（3）通过快速升温法制备了具有粘性的CAU-3湿凝胶和块状干凝胶CAU-3(gel)，并通过更换有机配体制备了一系列的金属有机凝胶，验证快速升温法制备金属有机凝胶的有效性。CAU-3(gel)具有较高的BET比表面积（2050 m2/g）、热/水稳定性和疏水性，对甲苯、对二甲苯和己醛具有较高的吸附容量。在50% RH条件下，CAU-3(gel)对2 ppm的己醛吸附量达到26.3 mg/g。（4）通过快速升温法制备氨基修饰的凝胶CAU-3-NH2(gel)。氨基修饰后的CAU-3-NH2(gel)增加了对甲苯的亲和力。CAU-3-NH2(gel)对低浓度甲苯的穿透时间是活性炭的2.3倍。在12000 mL/g.h空速下，CAU-3-NH2(gel)可以将100 ppm的甲苯去除至50 ppb并维持12 h以上，并可以在358 K下快速再生。（5）以CAU-3-NH2(gel)为前驱体，通过直接碳化法制备一系列N掺杂的颗粒炭，并采用KOH进行二次活化。N掺杂的颗粒炭具有较高BET、多级孔结构和丰富的N、O等官能团。和CAU-3-NH2(gel)相比，KOH活化后的颗粒炭C700K对低浓度甲苯的吸附量提升了4倍，且可以实现快速再生。高分辨TEM和孔径分布测试表明，C700K的孔道具有较高的连通性，有利于VOC的吸附和热脱附。

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are not only important precursors of haze and ozone pollution, but also main pollutants in indoor environment. In order to improve the indoor air quality as well as public health, it is of great significance to explore VOCs adsorption materials with high adsorption capacity, hydrophobicity and rapid regeneration under low temperature. In this paper, to enhance adsorption performance of VOCs, the structure and morphology of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) were modified by internal and external surface hydrophobization, gelation and carbonization. The main results are as follows:(1) Six kinds of MOFs were synthesized by hydrothermal or solvothermal methods for the adsorption of low concentration toluene. Two conventional adsorbents (activated carbon and zeolite 13X) were also measured under same conditions. CAU-1, HKUST-1 and activated carbon have better adsorption performance for toluene in dry air. CAU-1 exhibits the higher adsorption capacity for low concentration toluene in comparison with HKUST-1 and activated carbon under humid conditions. Compared with activated carbon, CAU-1 could regenerate rapidly at mild temperature. Considering the stability, adsorption capacity, hydrophobicity, and regenerability, CAU-1 exhibits the best adsorption performance for low concentration toluene among eight porous materials.(2) Anhydride modification successfully improve the hydrophobicity by transfering hydrophilic amino groups of CAU-1 into hydrophobic functional groups via amide reaction. Subsequently, a hydrophobic PDMS film is coated on the anhydride-modified CAU-1 by physical vapor deposition. As-modified CAU-1 adsorbent, i.e. p0.5-CAU-1-vale exhibited enhanced hydrophobicity with the water adsorption capacity 1/5 of unmodified CAU-1 under 50% relative humidity (RH). The adsorption capacity of p0.5-CAU-1-vale for 1 ppm toluene was 6.82 mg/g under 50% RH, much higher than CAU-1 (0.98 mg/g) and other porous materials.(3) A rapid heating-up synthetic route to hydrophobic metal organic gel (MOG) denoted CAU-3(gel) was developed. To verify the universality of the rapid heating-up synthesis route, some Al-based MOG were prepared by replacing ligands. The phase transition from powder to gel can be achieved by rapid heating-up method. Finally, the viscous wet MOG and bulk xerogels were obtained. CAU-3(gel) that features water/ thermal stability, high surface area (2050 m2/g) and hydrophobicity exhibits excellent performance for the capture of three representative volatile organic compounds (hexanal, toluene and p-xylene). The adsorption capacity of CAU-3(gel) for 2 ppm hexanal was 26.3 mg/g under 50% RH.(4) A novel amino containing metal organic gel, CAU-3-NH2(gel), was obtained by shortening the heating-up time in the synthesis procedure. CAU-3-NH2(gel) exhibits high affinity toword toluene. The toluene adsorption capacity of CAU-3-NH2(gel) is 2.3 times than that of activated carbon. Under the space velocity of 12,000 mL/g.h, CAU-3-NH2(gel) can remove toluene from 100 ppm to 50 ppb over 12 h and can be rapidly regenerated at 358 K.(5) A series of N-doped granular carbons were synthesized by direct carbonization of CAU-3-NH2(gel) and further KOH activation. The toluene adsorption capacity of C700K is highly improved four times in comparison with CAU-3-NH2(gel), and could be rapid regeneration under humid conditions. HRTEM and pore size distribution revealed that the pore channel of C700K had high connectivity and hence decreased effective diffusion length.