水中金属丝电爆炸（水中丝爆）不同于水介质电击穿，涉及复杂的金属相变过程，可以产生具有更高能量效率的冲击波，目前已在化石能源开发等领域取得成功应用，如果冲击波幅值可以继续增大，水中丝爆将可以应用在冲击波诱导相变、页岩气生产，甚至惯性约束聚变。本文以水中金属丝阵电爆炸为研究对象，开展了如下工作：设计并搭建了微秒脉冲放电装置与光学诊断系统。微秒脉冲电源在1μF电容下储能最高可达1.8kJ，最高电压60kV，放电回路电感与电源电阻分别为1.54μH与129mΩ，电流上升速率约为15kA/μs。光学诊断系统采用了基于532nm激光的阴影照相技术路线，可以获得丝爆某一时刻的直观图像。提出了“分裂丝”丝阵的概念，实验发现在给定储能下其电爆炸冲击波随着“分裂丝”数量的增多而显著提高。提出了“分流支路”方法，实验确定了“分裂丝”丝阵中单丝冲击波，发现其正比于丝的直径。发现“分裂丝”丝阵冲击波满足线性叠加的汇聚规律，给出了N根等直径“分裂丝”丝阵汇聚弱冲击波计算公式，即P(N)=√N ?P(1)。提出了“串并联丝”丝阵的概念，通过调整丝阵负载电阻以减小电源内阻消耗的能量。发现丝阵电爆炸的动态电阻在尽可能长的时间范围内和电源内阻接近“匹配”状态可获得更强的冲击波。提出了“放电相似性”的假设，通过PnSn“串并联丝”丝阵实验验证，给出“串并联丝”丝阵的缩比设计方法。基于丝爆的电路数值模拟，以放电全过程负载电阻与电源电阻接近“匹配”为目标，基于“分裂丝”丝阵与“串并联丝”丝阵经验给出了完整的水中丝爆工程优化方法。拍摄了水中单丝爆炸早期过程的阴影照片，发现了金属丝粗细不均匀导致的局部微爆炸现象和多个沉积功率峰导致的多层冲击波现象。对于并联丝阵爆炸，发现相同直径的并联丝爆炸进程一致，不同直径的并联丝仅在沉积能量不足时，粗丝相较于细丝丝爆进度更慢。

Underwater Electrical Wire Explosion (UEWE) contains complex metal phase change process and produces stronger shock wave compared to Underwater Pulsed Discharge. UEWE has been applied in the oil and gas reservoir stimulation. If the pressure of the shock wave can be greatly enhanced, some potential applications are possible include shale gas production, shock wave induced phase transition and inertial confinement fusion. The research in this dissertation based on Underwater Electrical Wire-Array Explosion (UEWAE).A microsecond pulse power source and an optical diagnosis system were designed and built. The microsecond pulse power source has a storage of 1.8kJ with 1μF capacitor and 60kV voltage, the inductance and resistance of the power source are 1.54μH and 129mΩ, and the current rising rate is 15kA/μs. The optical diagnosis system adopts the shadow photography based on 532nm laser, which can obtain the visual image of a certain moment of UEWE.The concept of ‘Split Wire-Array’ was proposed and it is found that the shock wave increased with the increase of the wire number. The shock wave from single wire in the ‘Split Wire-Array’ was measured using ‘Shunt Circuit’ method. It is found that single wire shock wave is proportional to the diameter of wire. The ‘Split Wire-Array’ weak shock wave convergence obey the law of linear superposition, P(N)=√N ?P(1).The concept of ‘Parallel-Series Wire-Array’ was proposed. It is found that the energy consumed by the internal resistance of power source is reduced by adjusting the load resistance of the wire-array. It is also found that a stronger shock wave can be obtained when the dynamic resistance of the wire-array is matching with the internal resistance.The concept of ‘Discharge Similarity in UEWE’ was proposed and verified by ‘PNSN Wire-Array’. Based on the circuit numerical simulation of wire explosion, a complete optimization engineering method of UEWE was presented based on the experience of ‘Split Wire-Array’ and ‘Parallel-Series Wire-Array’.The shadow pictures of the early stage of UEWE were taken, and the phenomenon of local micro-explosion and multi-layer shock wave were found. For parallel wire-array, it is found that the parallel wires with the same diameter have the same explosion process. For parallel wires with different diameters, the explosion process of thick wire is slower than that of thin wire only when the deposition energy is insufficient.