居家养老是我国绝大多数老年人的现实选择，然而调查数据显示，老年人家庭环境中不安全、不适用的问题较为突出，严重影响着他们的居住生活品质，适老化改造需求量大且迫切。近年来，在国家政策的大力推动下，各地已陆续针对老年人家庭住宅的套内空间开展了居家适老化改造，但由于相关工作还处在发展的起步阶段，尚未形成系统完善的工作方法，在服务实践当中仍存在诸多问题，难以实现预期效果。目前，有关居家适老化改造的既往研究呈现出重设计轻实践、学科领域单一和内容碎片化的特点，特别是缺少可用于指导全过程服务实践的工作方法。因此，本研究的主要目的是构建适用于我国居家适老化改造的实践框架与方法，以改善服务实践现状，更好地指导相关工作的展开。本文首先通过文献研究界定了居家适老化改造的基本特征，然后运用扎根理论分析法梳理了我国居家适老化改造的发展现状及问题，论证并选取了构建实践框架与方法作为后续研究的切入点。接着，运用案例研究法对四家服务机构的实践现状进行了调查，对现存问题进行了梳理，并总结出核心目标认识不清、服务模式生搬硬套、缺乏有效组织管理、没有以客户为中心等四个方面的问题成因。在此基础上，根据居家适老化改造在改造目标、方案设计、服务对象和组织管理等方面的特殊需求，识别出康复医学、建筑学、社会学和管理学等四个与之密切相关的学科领域，并探讨了各学科研究与实践成果的借鉴思路与融合方式。最终，运用系统科学方法构建了适用于我国居家适老化改造的实践框架与方法，通过三个实践案例加以初步验证，并对这项工作在我国未来的发展提出了构想与建议。研究结果表明，我国的居家适老化改造实践现状亟待改善，需要形成与之相匹配的实践框架与方法。本研究立足服务实践的视角，系统梳理了居家适老化改造的全周期实践路径，并对实践过程当中存在的问题及其成因进行了深入分析；融合借鉴多学科的研究与实践成果，构建了居家适老化改造的实践框架，并对各阶段的操作方法展开了具体阐述；同时配合实践框架与方法，提供了一套实用的“工具包”。最后，针对居家适老化改造的服务支持体系、服务实践模式提出了构想与建议，并探讨了建筑师在其中的角色与作用。研究成果可为服务机构开展工作提供科学指导，从而提高服务的质量和效率，帮助我国老年人更好地改善居家环境，实现原居安老。

Home care is a realistic choice for the vast majority of the elderly in China, while the survey data shows that the problems of insecurity and inapplicability at home environment are more prominent, which seriously affect the quality of life of the elderly, and the demand for home modification service for the aging population is large and urgent. With the strong promotion of national policies, home modification for the elderly in urban dwelling units (HMFE) has been carried out all over China during the recent years. However, because the related work is still in the initial stage of development, and has not formed a systematic and complete working methods yet, there are still many problems in the service practice, and it’s difficult to achieve the expected effects. Previous studies on HMFE show the characteristics of focusing more on design than practice, single subject area and fragmented content, especially lack of working methods to guide the whole process of service practice. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to establish a practice framework and method suitable for HMFE in China, so as to improve the current situation of service practice and better guide the development of related work.This paper firstly defined the basic characteristics of HMFE through literature research, and then sorted out the development status and problems of HMFE in China by using grounded theory analysis, and demonstrated and selected the construction of practice framework and methods as the breakthrough point for the subsequent research. Then, case study was used to investigate the practice status of four service organizations, and existing problems and their causes were summarized in the following four aspects: unclear understanding of core objectives, rigid service model, lack of effective organization and management, and lack of customer-centered consciousness. On this basis, according to the special demands of HMFE in the aspects of goals, design, service object and management, this study identified rehabilitation, architecture, sociology and management as four related disciplines, and discussed the reference ideas and integration methods of research and practice achievements in each discipline. Finally, the practical framework and method of HMFE was generated through systematic scientific method, and was preliminarily verified through three practice cases. The conception and suggestion for the further development of HMFE in China were also put forwardThe results showed that the current situation of HMFE in China needs to be improved urgently, and the corresponding practice framework and methods need to be formed. Based on the perspective of service practice, this study systematically sorted out the full cycle practice path of HMFE, and deeply analyzed the problems existing in the practice process and their causes. Based on the research and practice results of multiple disciplines, the practical framework of HMFE was constructed, and the operation methods of each phase were elaborated in detail. At the same time, with the practical framework and methods, a set of practical toolkits was provided. Finally, this paper put forward some ideas and suggestions on the service support system and service practice model for HMFE, and discussed the role of architects in it. The achievements of this research can provide scientific guidance for the practice of HMFE, improve the quality and efficiency of service, help the elderly improve their dwelling environment and realize aging in place.