在日常生活中，我们感受到的情绪的种类或强度也许并不是我们想要的，即与当前的情绪目标是有冲突的，这时我们就要采取某些策略进行调节，从而更好地完成既定目标。文化心理学领域已有部分研究证实东西方文化下的个体在情绪调节各阶段存在一定差异，但目前的实证研究证据主要集中在不同情绪调节策略的效果上，而对情绪调节目标文化差异的涉猎较少。此外，以往研究更多关注文化差异现象的存在与描述，而对于这些差异背后的机制解释尚不甚明晰。东西方个体在价值观与思维方式上都存在较大差异，这些文化因素是如何影响情绪调节的文化差异的？这是本课题试图回答的问题。本课题系统地考察了东西方文化下个体在情绪调节的目标，策略选择和结果方面存在的差异，并从辩证思维和自我构念的视角探讨情绪调节各阶段文化差异的内在机制。研究按照情绪调节的三要素（目标、策略和结果）从三个方面开展：第一，研究1的4个实验通过问卷测量、情绪诱发实验、内隐联想测验和经验取样法的研究方法，系统地考察了东西方文化下个体在不同情境下情绪调节外显和内隐目标的文化差异及其机制，发现东西方被试都有改善情绪状态的倾向，但西方被试外显和内隐的增强积极情绪的目标动机均更强烈。辩证思维倾向与独立自我构念在文化与不同情绪目标间起到了不同程度的中介作用。第二，研究2的两个实验通过问卷测量和情绪诱发实验的研究方法，分别考察了东西方文化下个体在日常生活中和实验室诱发负性情境下情绪调节策略选择的差异及其机制，发现西方被试与东方被试相比更倾向于使用认知重评策略而非表达抑制策略。两个实验中辩证思维倾向在文化与表达抑制分数间均起到完全中介作用，辩证思维倾向与自我构念在文化和认知重评分数间也起到不同程度的中介作用。第三，研究3通过经验取样法和问卷测量的研究方法，分别考察了东西方文化下个体在日常主观情绪体验及主观幸福感上的文化差异及其与情绪调节目标和策略使用的关系。结果发现东方被试较西方被试而言在日常生活中体验到较多的消极情绪，报告了较低的心理幸福感与较高的生活满意度。辩证思维倾向和自我构念在文化和消极情绪体验、文化和主观幸福感之间起到不同程度的中介作用。情绪调节的几个阶段间也存在不同程度的相关。本课题验证了东西方文化下个体在情绪调节各阶段均存在文化差异，且辩证思维和自我构念作为重要的文化因素，的确在情绪调节的各阶段起到了重要的机制作用。

Often times, we may experience certain emotions that we do not want. With the intention to improve our emotional state, we have to adopt certain strategies to regulate the emotions we are experiencing to the emotions that we desire. Previous cross-cultural studies have confirmed that there are cultural differences between Eastern and Western cultures at various stages of emotion regulation, but the exsisting empirical research evidence mainly focused on the effectiveness of different emotion regulation strategies, while rarely exploring the cultural difference in emotion regulation goals. Additionally, previous studies rarely explored the mechanisms behind these cultural differences. This thesis systematically examines the cultural differences in emotion regulation goals, strategies and regulation results, as well as the underlying mechanisms of such differences. The research is carried out in three main studies, according to the three factors of emotion regulation:First, Study 1 employed questionnaire measurement, emotion induction experiment, implicit association test and experience sampling method to investigate the East-West cultural differences and underlying mechanisms of the explicit and implicit goals of emotion regulation, finding that participants from both cultures have the motivation to improve their current emotional state, however Western subjects have a stronger motivation to enhance their positive emotions both explicitly and implicitly. Dialectical thinking and independent self-construal mediated culture and different emotional goals.Second, Study 2 used questionnaire measurement as well as emotion induction experiment to investigate the cross-cultural differences and mechanisms in emotion regulation strategies during everyday life as well as in laboratory-induced negative environment. Results showed Western subjects more inclined to use the strategy of cognitive reappraisal as opposed to expression suppression. Dialectical thinking mediated the relationship between culture and expression supression scores, while dialectical thinking and self-construals play different mediating roles between culture and cognitive reappraisal scores.Third, Study 3 employed questionnaire measurement, experience sampling method as well as emotion induction experiment to investigate the cultural differences in daily subjective emotional experience and subjective well-being between individuals from Eastern and Western cultures as well as their relationship with emotional regulation goals and strategies. The results showed that compared to western subjects, the eastern subjects experienced higher negative emotions in their daily lives, reported lower psychological well-being and higher life satisfaction. Dialectical thinking and self-construals play different mediating roles between culture and subjective well-being, as well as culture and life satisfaction. This thesis provided further evidence concerning East-West cultural differences at various stages of emotion regulation, while demonstrating that dialectical thinking and self-construals, being important cultural factors, do play important mediating roles between culture and emotion regulation.