援助政策是一项在世界范围内都广泛实施的、为解决国家和地区间发展不平衡问题的办法。为了帮助和扶持西藏地区发展经济，加强西藏与内地交流发展，自西藏和平解放始，中央政府便根据西藏实际情况，制定了一系列特殊政策和措施，在资金、项目、物资、人才引进等各方面给予支持，并动员和组织内地发达地区支援西藏建设发展，产生了具有中国特色的“援藏政策”。本文在梳理我国援藏政策及其变化发展的基础上，对国内外有关中国援藏问题的研究予以回应，总结了中国特色经济发展模式在西藏地区的具体应用，分析了援藏政策对西藏社会经济发展的影响。首先，本文系统性回顾了有关文献，并梳理援藏政策的历史脉络和主要内容。随后，采用主成分分析方法评价西藏县域综合实力，并讨论其空间分异特点。接下来，基于2000~2017年西藏县域面板数据，本文分别考察干部援助、转移支付援助和金融优惠援助这三种援藏政策对西藏县域社会经济发展的影响。进一步地，通过使用双重差分模型，本文考察了政企共建模式下援藏政策绩效。最后，借助DEA模型，本文研究了援藏政策的投入产出效率。研究发现，高-高聚集和低-低聚集的二元分布一直是西藏县域空间分布的显著特征，但西藏各县域综合实力差距有逐渐拉大的趋势。干部援助、转移支付援助和金融优惠援助三种援助政策均能在不同程度上促进西藏县域社会经济发展。援藏干部任职的三年周期制度和不同任职情况，会导致发展效应存在周期波动性和领域偏向性。政企共建模式下的对口援助有助于促进第一、第三产业的发展，但具有较强的异质性。随着县域综合实力的提升，援藏的综合效率、纯技术效率和规模效率均呈增长趋势；随着援藏阶段的深入，综合效率和纯技术效率逐渐下降，规模效率呈增长趋势。本文研究论证了中央政府对西藏地区援助通过采用逐步、分层次、分类别方式，实现西藏地区生产力进步、生产方式转变和社会经济发展的重要理论逻辑，论述了中国西藏援助政策的变迁、取得的重大成绩和积极意义，对于研究西藏问题具有重要的理论和实践意义。
The "aid" policy is a worldwide approach to the problem of unbalanced development between countries and regions. To help and support Tibetan area economic development, strengthen the communication between Tibet and mainland, since the peaceful liberation of Tibet, the central Tibet based on the actual situation, formulated a series of special policies and measures, in funds, projects, materials and so on various aspects to give support of Tibet, and mobilize and organize mainland developed areas to support the construction and development of Tibet. On the basis of sorting out China's aid-Tibet policy and its changes and development, this paper sorts out the relevant research on China's aid-Tibet issue at home and abroad, summarizes the specific application of China's development model in Tibet, and analyzes the impact of China's aid-Tibet policy on the social and economic development of counties in Tibet.In this paper, the spatial autocorrelation and spatial heterogeneity of the comprehensive strength of 73 counties in Tibet Autonomous Region were analyzed by using principal component analysis method. Then, by constructing the panel data of counties in Tibet Autonomous Region from 2000 to 2017, this paper investigates the impact of three kinds of aid policies, namely, cadre aid, transfer payment aid and financial preferential aid, on the social and economic benefits of counties in Tibet. Furthermore, by using the differential model, this paper examines the performance of the aid policy for Tibet under the model of provincial and enterprise joint construction. Finally, with the help of DEA model, this paper studies the input-output efficiency of Tibet aid policy.The results show that that the binary distribution of high-high aggregation and low-low aggregation is a prominent feature of the spatial distribution of the Tibetan counties., but the gap of comprehensive strength of counties in Tibet is gradually widening .Lhasa and Nyingchi have been at the forefront, followed by Shannan with rapid development, Qamdo and Rika have been in the middle, and Ngari and Nagqu have even declined from the initial stage.The results show that the three kinds of aid policies, cadre aid, transfer payment aid and financial preferential aid, can promote the social and economic development of counties in Tibet to different degrees, and the coordination of each policy can solve the problems of social and economic development in different fields. As a result of the three-year cycle system, the social and economic effects of the work of the cadres in Tibet may fluctuate periodically and be biased in different fields. The different office-holding conditions of the Tibet aid cadres will also have significant different effects on the social and economic benefits of the counties in Tibet.The study found that the provincial enterprise build the mode of counterpart aid county in Tibet region on the number of rural workers accounted for and the tourism industry growth rate has a significant role in promoting, but the impact will be as the regional comprehensive strength level, industrial structure, growth, market development and students among different government fiscal capacity of significant heterogeneity effect.It is found that the Tibet aid policy can significantly promote the social and economic development in the counties of Tibet, but its correlation changes with the different comprehensive strength of the counties and the different time stages of the Tibet aid. With the improvement of the comprehensive strength at the county level, the comprehensive efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of Tibet aid show an increasing trend. With the deepening of the stage of aiding Tibet, the comprehensive efficiency and pure technical efficiency decrease gradually, while the scale efficiency shows an increasing trend.Research, this paper expounds on the central government to aid Tibet region is gradually, hierarchical classification and orderly Tibet regional productivity improvement, transformation of mode of production and social economic development of the important theoretical logic, this paper discusses the aid to China's Tibet policy change and major achievements and positive meaning, to research the Tibet issue is of great theoretical and practical significance.
