平台经济新业态是我国经济发展的重要动力，具有双边网络外部性特征的平台通过大数据和智能匹配的方式提高效率，通过灵活用工增加了就业吸纳能力。平台经济在全球迅猛发展的同时给政府和社会带来了很大的治理压力，其负外部性不容小觑，政府对于平台经济的治理试图平衡发展与安全，创新与监管的目标。当前平台治理问题包括监管空白、产业政策盲目支持和平台主体责任缺失下的道德风险，表现为安全事故、投资潮涌、爆雷跑路等，需要我们回答导致平台经济新业态治理问题的因素有哪几类、这些因素发挥作用的具体机制是怎样的，以及为了避免治理失败，政府在治理平台经济新业态时应该做什么、不应做什么。本研究采取“经验归纳—理论建构—经验验证”的路径，首先利用平台治理相关话题关键词下的2307篇高相关度微信公号文进行文本挖掘和大数据分析，归纳主要政策议题和初步理论框架；其次进行文献回顾，建构本文理论模型；再则使用网约车、数字金融、长租公寓和共享单车等案例，通过用多案例比较方法进行实证检验，数据来源包括参与式观察、会议与现场考察、半结构化访谈以及档案文件。研究发现，产业政策、府际关系和平台主体责任三大因素，是平台经济新业态治理问题的主要成因。平台经济发展主要得益于要素禀赋，无需产业政策特别支持，否则会导致投资潮涌。平台主体责任的实施基础是平台私权力，但也受限于平台自身利益，需要政府监管方可避免平台企业怠于履行平台责任。政府内部横向关系方面，需要适应平台经济跨界融合特点，建立跨部门、穿透性的功能监管机制；纵向关系方面，需要根据平台经济空间无界性和交易跨域性特点，由中央建立统一监管体系。研究建议，一是停止在平台经济领域实施选择性产业政策，加强竞争政策和反垄断工作，进行数字技能培训，弥合数字鸿沟，鼓励边缘就业人群灵活就业；二是由中央牵头确定平台经济监管标准与体系，实施跨部门穿透式功能监管；三是注意平台自治有其局限，需要解决监管空白和监管不能，明确平台各方权责划分，适度设定平台责任，发挥司法判例指引作用。本研究进一步拓展了产业政策理论在平台经济领域的适用性；在经典府际关系理论视角之外，提出了适用平台经济业务跨界性、空间无界性特征的府际关系新理论；还首次阐述了平台主体责任的具体内容，指出平台私权力是平台履行主体责任的基础，并指出“政府—平台—用户”双重架构中政府监管仍不可或缺。

As a significant driving force for the development of economy in our country, the new business form of platform economy has the feature of two-sided network externality, which is able to enhance efficiency by virtue of big data and intelligent matching. In the meantime, it has strengthened employment absorption capacity according to the employment in a flexible way. In the face of the quick development of platform economy all over the world, it makes the government and society usher in great challenge in terms of governance. When it comes to its negative externality, it cannot be ignored. As for the governance on platform economy by government, it has the goal of trying to balance development and security, innovation and supervision. By taking into account of the present existing problems of platform governance, it can be embodied in the following aspects, such as the blank of supervision, the blind support of industrial policy and the moral risk caused by the lack of responsibility of the platform subject. For all of these, they can be reflected in safety accidents, the investment surge, the escape of platform liabilities and so on. In view of it, we have the necessity to answer the factors leading to the governance of new business forms of platform economy, the concrete roles of these factors, and what government should do or should not do in the governance of new business forms of platform economy to avoid the failure of governance. In this research, the path of "experience induction-theory construction-experience verification" is adopted to carry out the exploration. Firstly, text mining and big data analysis are carried out by taking advantage of 2307 WeChat official account articles that are highly relevant to the keywords of platform governance, which tries to make summary of the main policy issues and the preliminary theoretical framework. Secondly, literature review is been conducted in this thesis, so that the theoretical mode is proposed in this thesis. Thirdly, it refers to some cases, such as online car hailing, digital finance, long-term rental apartment, shared-bikes and so on, it carries out the experiment tests through contrasts, in which the sources of data cover participatory observation, meeting and field investigation, as well as semi-structured interview and archives.According to the research results, the main causes that lead to the governance problems of the new formats of platform economy lie in the three factors such as industrial policy, intergovernmental relations and the main responsibility of the platform. When it comes to the platform economy’s development, the factor endowment does much favor for it, which does not need special support of industrial policy, otherwise a surge of investment will be caused. As far as the implementation basis of platform liabilities is concerned, it lies in the private power of platform, which is also restricted to its own interests, which requires the supervision of the government to avoid the lack of platform enterprises in performing platform responsibility. By taking into account of the horizontal relationship within the government, it has the necessity to adapt to the feature of cross-border integration of platform economy, which should also set up a cross-sectoral and penetrating functional supervision mechanism. When it comes to the vertical relationship, a unified supervision system by the central government should be constructed in line with the features of the boundless space of platform economy and cross-domain transactions. What the suggests proposed in this research include the following aspects: Firstly, the implementation of selective industrial policies in the field of platform economy should be prohibited, the competition policies and anti-monopoly work should be enhanced, the digital skills training should be conducted, the digital gap should be made up, and the flexible employment of marginal employment groups should be greatly supported. Secondly, the central government should play an important role, such as taking the lead in formulating the platform economic regulatory standards and systems, which should also pay attention to the implementation of cross-sectoral penetrating functional supervision. Thirdly, it has the necessity to focus on the limitations of platform autonomy, which should solve supervision gap and supervision failure, get clear of the division of rights and responsibilities of all parties on the platform, establish the responsibility of the platform to a suitable degree, and give full play of the guiding role of judicial precedents.This research has expanded the applicability of industrial policy theory in the field of platform economy. A new intergovernmental relations theory that is applicable to the cross-border and unbounded features of platform economy business is put forward out of the perspective of the classic intergovernmental relations theory. Furthermore, it firstly makes elaboration on the concrete contents of the liabilities of the platform, which emphasizes the private power of the platform is the basis for it to implement the liabilities, and also emphasizes the significant role of government’s supervision of the platform.