随着网络速度增快与用户使用经验的丰富，网络视频用户对视频内容产生更高追求，诞生了一批视频创作者，为网民的娱乐生活提供了丰富的文化内容。其中，Bilibili网站作为主要面向年轻用户的网络视频平台，逐渐受到全体网民群体的认可。但同时，2020年爆发了多起视频创作者与视频平台的纠纷，象征着视频创作者原本隐秘的劳动方式走向公众视野。本文从劳动过程理论出发，对Bilibili网站视频创作者进行田野民族志研究，考察了互联网视频平台下专业用户视频创作者的劳动控制问题，描述了视频创作者具有相对自由的生产过程和平台跨时空的管理办法，系统探讨了平台以“流量至上”价值观为核心建立的“流量游戏”制度对视频创作者劳动同意的制造方式，揭示了平台采用“薪资制度”对劳动者进行控制与剥削的实质。研究发现，视频创作者的劳动成果普遍属于交换价值不明确的文化产品，数字视频的交换价值借由数字视频平台而产生，这项根本问题导致了平台在这种劳资关系之中具有显著话语权优势。为更便捷地批量化衡量众多用户上传视频内容，平台采用统计流量数据的方式对视频的交换价值进行量化的衡定。具体来说，Bilibili网站对每一支视频内容进行4类流量衡量：初级互动流量、高级互动流量、隐性流量和平台编辑主观选择，让视频创作者在这4类流量数据组成的“流量游戏”机制中互相竞争，使创作者获得5种情绪反馈（快感、满足感、成就感、公平感、自由感），制造了劳动者自发的同意。为维系生产的持续进行，平台采用了复杂的薪资制度作为跨时空劳动控制的手段。Bilibili视频创作者的薪资组成分为创作激励金、商业推广植入和少量其他收入。这种薪资制度具有不稳定性、复杂化和非标准化的特征，使创作者对自身收入失去掌控能力，进而对“流量游戏”的竞争产生依赖。这种基于薪酬的劳动控制也会激发视频创作者的妥协与反抗。总之，专业用户视频创作者的劳动控制问题是互联网经济中数字劳工问题的一种衍生研究。不可否认的是，视频平台确实为文化内容生产者提供了更多的劳动机会和自由度，但同时也在对这些新兴生产力进行着隐蔽的控制与剥削。通过本文的研究，可以为专业用户视频生产者的相关法律法规完善提供理论基础。
As network transmission speeds increase, netizens' surfing experience becomes more and more abundant. Therefore, they have a higher pursuit of short videos on the Internet. On this basis, a group of professional video creators appeared. They provide rich cultural content for the entertainment life of netizens. Among many online video apps, Bilibili, as an app mainly for young users, has gradually been recognized by all netizens. But at the same time, there have been some disputes between video creators and video platforms in 2020, which symbolizes that video creators’ secret working methods have moved into public view.Starting from the theory of labor process, this paper conducts field ethnographic research on video creators, examines the labor control issues of professional user video creators on Internet video platforms, describes how video creators have a relatively free production process and platform-cross-temporal management methods, systematically explores the way in which the "flow game" system established by the platform with the "flow supreme" value as the core provides the video creators' labor consent, and reveals the essence of the platform's use of "salary system" to control and exploit laborers.This study found that the labor results of video creators are generally cultural products with unclear exchange values. The exchange value of digital video is generated by the digital video platform. This fundamental problem has caused the platform to have a significant voice advantage in this labor-management relationship. To judge the quality of the uploaded video, the platform uses statistical traffic data to quantify the exchange value of the video. Specifically, Bilibili measures four types of traffic for each video content: primary interaction, advanced interaction, implicit interaction, and editorial choice. Video creators compete in the "the game of flow" mechanism composed of these four types of traffic data, allowing creators to obtain five types of emotional feedback and creating spontaneous consent of workers.In order to maintain the continuous production, the platform adopts a complex salary system as a means of labor control across time and space. The salary composition of Bilibili video creators is divided into creation incentives, commercial promotion implants and a small amount of other income. This kind of salary system is characterized by instability, complexity, and non-standardization, which makes creators lose control of their own income, and thus becomes dependent on the competition of " the game of flow ". This salary-based labor control will also inspire compromise and resistance from video creators.In short, the labor control problem of professional user video creators is a derivative study of the digital labor problem in the Internet economy. It is undeniable that the video platform does provide more labor opportunities and freedom for cultural content producers, but at the same time it is also concealed control and exploitation of these emerging productive forces. The research in this article can provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of relevant laws and regulations for professional user video producers.
