自上世纪70年代末80年代初新自由主义兴起以来，曾经一度是世界工业霸主的美国出现了去工业化现象，工业在美国经济的地位出现了显著的下降。这种去工业化的问题表现在美国制造业占比下降，工业对进口产品愈发依赖和产业工人数量与占比的下滑，这些都对美国的整体经济结构产生了深刻的影响。导致美国去工业化的因素繁多，其中存在内因与外因，也存在现实因素与本质因素。美国本土福特主义的衰落与世界范围内后福特主义的兴起，经济全球化日益深入后带来的商品竞争，新自由主义主张的经济政策以及本质上不断追求资本增殖的资本逻辑都是美国去工业化的重要推手。在美国去工业化进程不断加剧的同时，美国国内的经济、政治、社会和文化等方面都受到了一定程度上的影响。这导致美国的生产原料和消费领域的制成品越发依赖国际供给，经济运行中个别企业与社会生产中的矛盾加剧，政治上不断被金融资本所钳制而无法推行工业领域的产业政策，社会中的工人群体受新自由主义的打压处境越发艰难，整体文化氛围中的反工业情绪也越发突出。尤其在2020年初新冠疫情在美国爆发后，去工业化的美国在抗击疫情中暴露出的弊病充分证实了去工业化对美国整体的危害。 即便美国近年来提出了再工业化的发展战略，其实施进展也十分缓慢。只要当今资本逻辑所主导的以垄断金融资本为利益主体的生产方式没有改变，美国再工业化战略就将难以取得成效。以马克思主义政治经济学的观点、立场和方法研究和分析美国去工业化，不仅能较为客观地厘清美国去工业化的成因和影响，也可以借此驳斥西方主流的认为去工业化即为“产业高级化”等观点，更在批判资本逻辑的基础上指出了美国去工业化给美国工人群体所带来的灾难，这些都具有重要的现实意义。同时，研究发达资本主义国家美国的工业发展进程，也有助于在建设中国特色社会主义和推动高质量发展的道路上获得一些对我国工业发展有益的启示和可以借鉴的经验。

Since the rise of neoliberalism in the late 1970s and early 1980s, the United States, once the world's industrial hegemon, has experienced a phenomenon of deindustrialization, and industry has experienced a significant decline in the overall economic status of the United States. It is manifested in the decline of the share of manufacturing industry, the increasing dependence of industry on imported products, and the continuous decline in the number and proportion of industrial workers, all of which have had a profound impact on the overall economic structure of the United States. There are many factors leading to the deindustrialization of the United States, including internal and external factors, practical factors and essential factors. The decline of Fordism in the United States and the rise of post-Fordism worldwide, the commodity competition brought about by the deepening of economic globalization, the economic policies advocated by neoliberalism, and the capital logic that essentially pursues capital proliferation are all important promoter to deindustrialization. While the deindustrialization process in the United States continues to intensify, the United States relies heavily on international supplies for its production materials and consumer products. The conflict between the pursuit of short-term profits by independent financial capital in the economy and the overall interests of the United States has become more prominent. Government is constantly restrained by financial capital and unable to implement industrial policies in the industrial field. Worker groups in society are getting more and more difficult under the suppression of neoliberalism, and the anti-industrial sentiment in the overall cultural atmosphere has become more and more prominent. Especially after the outbreak of the epidemic in the United States in early 2020, the disaster exposed by the United States in fighting the epidemic fully confirmed the harm of deindustrialization . Even if the United States has proposed a re-industrialization development strategy in recent years, its implementation progress has been very slow. As long as the mode of production dominated by capital logic, and serverd for monopolized financial capital as the mainstay remains unchanged, the process of reindustrialization in the United States will be difficult to make progress. The research and analysis of American deindustrialization from the viewpoints, positions and methods of Marxist political economy not only objectively clarifies the cause and influence of American deindustrialization, but also refutes the mainstream Western belief that deindustrialization is "advancedization" . It also points out the disasters brought about by the de-industrialization of the United States to the American workers on the basis of critical capital logic, which has important practical significance. At the same time, studying the process of industrial development in the United States is also helpful to gain some useful enlightenment and lessons for industrial development in the reality of building socialism with Chinese characteristics and promoting high-quality development.