新中国成立以来，西方势力从未停止对中国意识形态上的敌视、攻击和渗透。社会主义革命和建设时期，西方势力公开对我国进行意识形态攻击和诋毁。改革开放后，西方势力通过非政府组织、广播、报纸等方式向我国灌输西方的价值观念和社会思潮。进入新时代，随着信息技术的迅猛发展和移动互联网的普及，西方国家转变传统的意识形态输出和渗透方式，转而利用先发的网络优势对我国进行全方位的网络渗透。网络成为当前西方对华意识形态渗透的主战场。 相较于传统的意识形态渗透方式，网络意识形态渗透活动的路径更加复杂。在理论层面上，西方以网络为平台传播以“新自由主义”、“历史虚无主义”为代表的社会思潮；在文化层面上，西方将网络作为传播其文化观念的载体；在舆论层面上，西方将网络舆论作为工具不断在我国舆论场制造矛盾；在组织层面，西方发挥网络的社交功能，以其作为渠道培养亲西方的网络势力；在技术层面，西方以网络技术作为攻击武器，不断威胁我国网络意识形态安全。与传统渗透活动相比，网络意识形态渗透活动表现出新的特点，如渗透过程的隐蔽性、渗透目标的腐蚀性、后果显现的爆发性。在渗透的重点对象上，高校大学生是西方在网络空间进行意识形态渗透的重点个体，非政府青年组织则是其进行渗透活动的团体对象，而政治、经济、知识方面的杰出青年成为西方网络意识形态渗透的首要目标。以上种种，给我国的国家安全带来了严重威胁，具体表现为通过消解政治认同威胁我国的政治安全；通过动摇经济自主性威胁我国的经济安全；通过技术攻击和信息战影响我国的军事安全。不仅如此，西方对华网络意识形态渗透活动更为直接地挑战着社会主义意识形态的建设，冲击着其主导地位，使得网络空间意识形态博弈复杂，治理难度加大。 对此，本文认为首先应该高度重视国家网络空间主权的维护，筑牢总体国家安全观，树立底线思维和斗争意识，继续落实网络强国战略。同时，一方面要加强网络主流意识形态建设，以科学理论引领网络思潮，不断强化技术支持和人才培养，增强主流意识形态的话语权。另一方面要着力构建网络综合治理格局，通过法治建设提升治理能力，通过多主体协同参与汇聚治理力量，通过制度建设不断规范网络综合治理体系。为了能够清晰展现西方网络意识形态渗透活动对政权安危的影响，本文回顾了香港近年来发生的街头政治运动，以其作为案例分析了网络在街头政治中发挥的关键性作用。

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, Western forces have never stopped their ideological hostility, which attacks and infiltration towards China. During the period of socialist revolution and construction, western forces openly attacked and vilified China ideologically. During the period of the reform and opening up, western forces instilled western values in China through non-governmental organizations, broadcasting and newspapers. Entering the new era, with the rapid development of information technology and the popularity of mobile Internet, western countries have changed the traditional way of ideology output and penetration, and made use of the network to carry out all-round network penetration in China. Cyberspace has become the main battlefield of ideological infiltration of the West to China at present.Compared with the traditional way of ideological infiltration, the path of network ideological infiltration is more complex. On the theoretical level, the West uses the Internet as a platform to spread the social thoughts represented by "neoliberalism" and "historical nihilism". On the cultural level, the West takes the Internet as the carrier to spread its cultural ideas; On the level of public opinion, the West takes the network public opinion as a tool to constantly create contradictions in the field of network public opinion in China. At the organizational level, the West gives full play to the mass communication function of the Internet and uses it as a channel to cultivate pro-Western network forces. On the technical level, the West takes the network technology as the attack weapon, and constantly threatens the security of China's network ideology. Compared with the traditional infiltration activities, the infiltration activities of network ideology show new characteristics, such as the invisibility of the infiltration process, the corrosiveness of the infiltration target and the explosive appearance of the consequences. In terms of the key objects of infiltration, college students are the key individuals of ideological infiltration in the cyber space, non-governmental youth organizations are the group objects of infiltration activities, and outstanding youth in politics, economy and knowledge are the primary targets of ideological infiltration. All these have brought serious threats to China's national security, which is embodied in the threat to China's political security through the elimination of political identity, threatening China's economic security by shaking economic autonomy and affecting the military security of our country through technical attack and information warfare. Moreover, Western infiltration of network ideology into China more directly challenges the construction of socialist ideology and impinges on its dominant position, which makes the ideological competition in cyberspace more complex and the governance more difficult.In this regard, this paper believes that we should safeguard national sovereignty in cyberspace, insist an overall national security theory, establish a bottom-line thinking and consciousness of struggle, and continue to implement the strategy of cyber power. On the one hand, we should strengthen the construction of the mainstream ideology of the Internet, guide the network trend of thought with scientific theories, constantly strengthen technical support and talent training, and enhance the discourse power of the mainstream ideology. On the other hand, efforts should be made to build a comprehensive network governance pattern, leading the governance capacity through the rule of law construction, pooling the governance forces through the collaborative participation of multiple subjects, and constantly standardizing the network comprehensive governance system through institutional construction. In order to clearly demonstrate the influence of the infiltration of western Internet ideology on the security of government, this paper reviews the street political movements in Hong Kong in recent years, and analyzes the key role of the Internet in street political movements by taking it as a case.