偶像文化起源于日本，在经过多年发展后形成了一个较为成熟的体系。得益于互联网的出现，越来越多来自世界各地的粉丝被日本偶像所吸引。因此，本研究通过对Arashi与中国粉丝的拟态亲密关系作为个案来研究，这不仅让我们更为深入的了解了粉丝们的心理，也有助于我们更好地学习如何将本土化的文化走向全球化的过程。本文采用质化研究方法，选择日本杰尼斯事务所最具代表性的国民偶像团体Arashi（嵐）为主要研究案例。通过对文件与档案记录、访谈和直接观察等方式获取一手资料，借助质性研究分析软件Nvivo 12 Plus对访谈资料进行汇总、编码和分析，并在此基础上建构研究结论。研究发现，粉丝消费的表现形式较为规范和单一，其主要原因在于杰尼斯事务所对粉丝严格的约束与管理。在这种约束下，粉丝社群在不断演变的过程中形成了许多默认的、约定俗成的秩序，形成了共识推动下的文化规范。又因为粉丝社群往往规模较小，通常都以相同爱好的人聚集在一起建立小型组织，因而给每个参与者都带来了情感能量，粉丝之间进而发展为亲密的朋友关系。本文提出，吸引、媒介使用动机、平等感知、情感诉求和有用性是促使海外粉丝对日本偶像产生拟态亲密关系的关键核心要素。除了学者强调的前两个因素，研究发现，后三个因素对粉丝产生准社会交往的影响尤为重要。在对五大影响要素的内在逻辑进行了深入解读后，笔者最终建立了从交往基础到互动模式，到情感连接，再到行为模仿的拟态亲密关系产生路径，为粉丝研究提供了新的思路。本文为粉丝文化研究提供了不同的研究视角，有利于更透彻地理解粉丝与偶像之间的内在关系，为未来学者对粉丝的研究有所启示。
Idol culture originated in Japan and has formed a relevantly mature system after years of development. Benefiting from the emergence of the Internet, more and more fans from all over the world are attracted to Japanese idols. Therefore, by examining the pseudo-intimate relationships between Arashi and Chinese fans as a case study, the study not only gives us a deeper understanding of the fans' psychology but also helps us to better learn how to promote local culture to the world.In this paper, the author adopts a qualitative research method and selects Arashi (嵐), the most representative national idol group of Johnny & Associates in Japan, as the main case study. Primary data were obtained through documents, archival records, interview, and direct observation, and then interview data were summarized, coded, and analyzed with the help of qualitative research analysis software Nvivo 12 Plus, on the basis of which the research findings were constructed.The study finds that the main reason for the relatively standardized and single expression of fan consumption is the strict constraint and management of fans by the Johnny & Associates. Under this constraint, fan communities have formed many default, agreed-upon orders in the process of continuous evolution, forming a consensus-driven cultural norm. Because fan communities tend to be small in size, they are usually organized in small groups of people who share the same hobbies, thus bringing emotional energy to each participant and developing close friendships among fans.This paper proposes that attractions, motivation for media use, perception of equality, emotional appeal, and usefulness are the core elements that drive overseas fans to develop pseudo-intimate relationships with Japanese idols. In addition to the first two factors emphasized by scholars, the study finds that the latter three factors are particularly important in influencing fans to generate prosocial interactions. Through in-depth interpretation of the internal logic of the five influential elements, the author finally establishes a path that explains how pseudo-intimate relationships are developed, from interaction basis, interaction patterns and emotional connection to behavioral imitation, which provides a new way of thinking for fan studies.The distinctive perspective that this paper provides for fan culture studies is useful for better understanding of the intrinsic relationship between fans and idols and inspire future research on fans studies.
