由于全球垃圾存在管理不善和回收机制不健全的问题，使得海洋垃圾问题也日益严峻。据2010年统计数据，每年大约向海洋投放的垃圾多达800万吨。在空间尺度上，海洋垃圾是全球性的环境污染问题；在时间维度上，则是跨时代的；在危害范围上，又是跨物种的。海洋垃圾由人类产生，对自然界和其他物种危害巨大，特别是海洋生物和近岸鸟类。对于人类而言，它直接影响着近岸旅游业、渔业和航运业。塑料占海洋垃圾的80%，在海洋环境中降解速度会减缓，且时间越长，所产生的危害越大，如附着微生物后下沉，或在物理作用下碎化成微塑料，并通过食物链层层传递，最终影响包括人类在内的动物身体健康。海洋垃圾仍在持续增加，其问题的严重性已引起各国重视并开展了相应的治理行动。然而，面对浩瀚的海洋，将其清除需要长期付出大量人力、财力和物力，因此我们还需要更多高效的解决方案。沿海人口比重大，近岸活动产生了大量垃圾。据统计，有80%的海洋垃圾来自陆地。海面漂浮垃圾的流动性强，容易产生跨国垃圾纠纷和物种入侵问题。但同时陆源垃圾靠岸搁浅的几率大，也为收集清理工作提供了一定的便利条件。海岸线作为大陆与海洋的交界线，是阻止垃圾入海和外来垃圾上岸的一道重要防线，因此，本文提出在两者之间建立起一套垃圾收集和防御系统的必要性，通过该途径能够对减少近岸漂浮垃圾起到较大作用。本文通过研究近岸垃圾的类型、移动和变化特点，以及海浪、地形和垃圾三者的关系，分析了利用低技术物理手段，以海浪作为动力收集垃圾的可行性。并通过多次结构设计、模型实验和迭代，最终产出一个区别于现有的针对近岸漂浮垃圾的收集设备设计方案。
Due to the poor management of global garbage and the incomplete recycling mechanism, the problem of marine garbage has become increasingly serious. According to statistics in 2010, about 8 million tons of garbage are thrown into the ocean every year. On the spatial scale, marine debris is a global environmental pollution problem; in the time dimension, it is trans-epoch; in the scope of harm, it is also trans-species. Marine debris is produced by humans, and it is harmful to nature and other species, especially marine life and nearshore birds. For humans, it directly affects inshore tourism, fisheries and shipping. Plastics account for 80% of marine garbage, and the degradation rate in the marine environment will slow down, and the longer the time, the greater the harm caused, such as sinking after attaching microorganisms, or crushing into microplastics under physical action, and passing through the food chain. Layer transmission will ultimately affect the health of animals including humans. Marine debris is still increasing, and the seriousness of its problem has aroused the attention of various countries and carried out corresponding governance actions. However, in the face of the vast ocean, clearing it requires a large amount of manpower, financial and material resources for a long time, so we also need more efficient solutions.The coastal population has a large proportion of population, and coastal activities generate a lot of garbage. According to statistics, 80% of marine debris comes from land. Floating garbage on the sea is highly mobile, prone to cross-border garbage disputes and species invasion issues. But at the same time, there is a high chance that land-sourced garbage will get stranded, which also provides a certain degree of convenience for the collection and cleanup work. As the boundary line between the continent and the ocean, the coastline is an important line of defense to prevent garbage from entering the sea and foreign garbage from landing. Therefore, this article proposes the necessity of establishing a garbage collection and defense system between the two. Floating garbage near shore plays a major role. This paper analyzes the feasibility of using low-tech physical methods to collect garbage by using low-tech physical methods and ocean waves as a driving force by studying the types, movement and change characteristics of near-shore garbage, as well as the relationship between waves, terrain and garbage. And through many structural designs, model experiments and iterations, a design scheme for collecting equipment that is different from the existing floating waste near shore is finally produced.
