行为免疫系统理论是指个体在传染病威胁下产生的避免细菌病毒感染、维持个体身体健康的心理动机系统。随着2020年新冠疫情的爆发以及疫情的常态化存在。洞察个体在传染病威胁下的心理和行为表现，对实现有效疫情防控、降低防控社会成本、改善个人健康具有积极意义和现实作用。 因此，本文以中国被试为实验对象，丰富和完善了行为免疫系统量表所测量的维度，开发了新版量表（N-BIS）。新量表包含的五因素分别是主观疾病易感性、传染源规避行为、健康预防行为、行为主观有效性以及恶心情绪，且信效度良好。其次，本文使用了问卷法和实验法，对行为免疫系统、社会距离和社会责任感之间的关系进行了探索。 研究一使用问卷法。结果表明，行为免疫系统水平和社会距离水平呈正相关关系且社会责任感的调节作用显著。在研究二中，总共招募了有效被试192人，实验组被试受到行为免疫系统启动，控制组阅读控制材料。实验结果表明，行为免疫系统对于社会距离有显著的正向影响。在研究三中，本文设计2（行为免疫系统：高/低）×（社会责任感：高/低）的被试间研究, 因变量为社会距离。结果显示，高行为免疫水平的社会距离显著高于低行为免疫水平的社会距离，在高水平社会责任的条件下，高行为免疫水平组更倾向于与他人保持较大的社会距离。 上述研究结果带来的启示是，激活人们的行为免疫系统能够促使个体与其他人保持较大的社会距离，尤其是在同时呼吁和强调社会责任感的情况下，有高行为免疫系统水平和高社会责任感水平的个体会更愿意与他人保持较远的社会距离。这一研究结果对于提升公众防疫宣传效果、降低疫情防控的社会成本具有积极的现实意义。

The Behavioral Immune System Theory （“BIS”） refers to a psychological motivation system that individuals produce under the threat of infectious diseases to avoid bacterial infection and maintain physical health. After the outbreak of Covid-19 in 2020, BIS theory has gradually entered our field of vision. Therefore, this article aims at testing and applying BIS theory in the context of epidemic prevention in China in order to make contributions to public health. First of all, this article takes Chinese subjects as experimental subjects and designs new dimensions of the BIS scale. The New BIS（“N-BIS”） scale can bring us a more comprehensive performance of BIS, which contains five factors in total. They are Subjective Disease Susceptibility, Infection Avoidance Behavior, Health Prevention Behavior, Subjective Effectiveness of Precaution, and Disgust Emotion. The reliability and validity of N-BIS is acceptable. Secondly, this article uses the questionnaire and experimental method to explore the relationship between BIS, social distance and social responsibility. In the first study, we use the questionnaire method. The results show that there is a positive correlation between BIS and social distance. In Study 2, a total of 192 subjects were recruited. The subjects in the experimental group were activated by BIS materials. The analysis results show that BIS has a significant positive impact on social distance. In Study 3, we design a 2 （behavioral immune system: high/low） × （social responsibility: high/low） experiment. The dependent variable is social distance. 205 subjects were recruited. The results show that under the condition of high level of social responsibility, the group with high level of BIS is more inclined to maintain a greater social distance from the other group. The enlightenment from the above is that activating people’s behavioral immune system can encourage individuals to maintain a greater social distance from others, especially when simultaneously appealing and emphasizing social responsibility.