研究目的：本研究通过运动生物力学中三维拍摄技术，比较高水平跳远运动员的完整技术练习手段和“助跑接腾空步”专项训练的运动学特点，分析两者之间的内在联系和差异，探索“助跑接腾空步”动作对于跳远成绩影响的内在机理，更好的探索和验证“助跑接腾空步”作为跳远专项训练动作的必要性，为运动员和教练员今后选择专项训练方法提供理论依据。研究方法：招募7名清华大学田径队高水平跳远运动员（国际健将一名、国家健将两名、一级运动员四名），分别在室外田径场地完成腾空步、全程跳、半程跳三种跳远动作，运用Sony高速摄像机对每个动作的倒两步起跳及腾空阶段进行三维拍摄获得运动学数据，拍摄频率为120Hz，使用单因素方差分析对助跑末期的时空参数和不同阶段的下肢关节角度、角速度、角加速以及重心幅度等进行统计分析。研究结果：倒两步阶段腾空步动作的速度与半程跳存在统计学差异（p=0.016），虽然倒一步的步宽步长均没有统计学差异，但是能从数据看出腾空步的步长步宽和重心幅度均大于其他动作，腾空步的两腿夹角大于其他两个动作。在腾空阶段，摆动腿的髋关节屈曲角度最大值具有统计学差异（p=0.001）。研究结论：1.腾空步作为一种常用的训练动作，改变了助跑倒两步阶段的时空参数和运动学参数，腾空步改变了助跑节奏，增加起跳稳定性；2.腾空步训练动作增加了离地时刻摆动腿的髋关节角度，起跳后摆动腿的髋关节最大屈曲角度，为后期做空中动作带来了积极作用。

Research Purposes: This study compares the complete technical methods of high level long jump athletes and the biomechanical characteristics of the special training of "Run-up and air step"through the three-dimensional shooting technology in sports biomechanics.analyzes the internal connection and difference between them，explores the internal mechanism of the influence of the movement of "Run-up and air step"on the long jump performance, explores and verifies the necessity of "Run-up and air step" as a special training movement of the long jump, so as to provide theoretical basis for athletes and coaches to choose special training methods in the future.Research Methods: 7 high level long jumpers of Tsinghua University track and field team were recruited (1 international master, 2 national masters and 4 first-level athletes).Complete the three long jump actions of the air step, the full jump, and the half jump on the outdoor track and field.The SONY high-speed camera was used to take 3D pictures of the inverted two-step take-off and airborne stages of each movement and obtain the kinematics data.The shooting frequency was 120Hz. One-way ANOVA was used to statistically analyze the spatial and temporal parameters at the end of the run-up and the lower limb joint Angle, angular velocity, angular acceleration and gravity center amplitude at different stages.Research Results:There was a statistical difference between the speed of air step and half jump in the backward two-step stage (P =0.016).Although there was no statistical difference in the step width and step length of the backward step, it could be seen from the data that the step length, step width and center of gravity of the aerial step were greater than those of other movements, and the Angle between the legs of the aerial step was greater than that of the other two movements.There was a statistically significant difference in the maximum hip flexion Angle of the swing leg during the flight stage (P =0.001).Conclusion: 1. As a common training movement, the air step changes the spatio-temporal parameters and kinematics parameters of the two-step stage of the approach, and the air step changes the rhythm of the approach and increases the stability of the take-off.2.The aerial step training movement increases the Angle of the hip joint of the swing leg when off the ground, and the maximum flexion Angle of the hip joint of the swing leg after take-off, which brings a positive effect for the late air movement.