本研究探索中国人群体的整体-分析型认知风格的发展规律及其与拼图问题解决策略之间的关系。主要研究问题有：第一、整体-分析型认知风格如何随年龄变化；第二、整体-分析型认知风格与不同年龄段群体在解决拼图问题时的策略使用的关系。实验一采用横断研究设计，使用认知风格图片比较任务测量了我国南北多个地区中处于不同发展阶段的个体（学龄前期、学龄期、青少年期、成年早期、成年中期和成年晚期）的整体-分析型认知风格。研究结果发现：整体-分析型认知风格的发展呈现U型特点：学龄前时期到小学高年级阶段以整体型认知风格为主导，但整体型的主导强度逐渐减弱，到青春期阶段无明显的整体或分析型风格的主导倾向；成年早期是分析型认知风格倾向较强的阶段，成年中晚期整体型风格逐渐强化，老年时期回归到以整体型认知风格为主导。实验二考察了学龄前期、学龄期、成年早期和晚期的整体和分析型认知风格与拼图任务中问题解决策略的关系。结果发现偏整体型和偏分析型认知风格的个体偏好不同的拼图策略，偏整体型风格的个体更多使用关注焦点和背景关系的主体参照策略；偏分析型风格的个体更常使用从局部和细节入手的局部定位策略和线索推断策略。实验三使用眼动仪记录了成年早期个体的认知风格图片比较任务完成过程，以进一步探索不同认知风格个体之间注意模式的差异及其对拼图问题解决策略的影响。结果发现偏整体型和偏分析型个体在认知风格图片比较任务中的注视点数量有显著差异：偏分析型的个体的注视点数量显著更多。此外，注视点数量和反应时比率均可预测线索推断策略的使用。综上所述，本研究的主要贡献在于，首先本研究描绘了从学龄前期到老年期认知风格的发展历程，补充了整体-分析型认知风格毕生发展的规律；其次，本研究发现了偏整体型和偏分析型认知风格的个体偏好不同的拼图策略，有助于理解认知风格如何影响个体行为，为基于个体差异进行有针对性的教育教学提供了一定的理论和实证研究依据；最后在研究方法上验证了认知风格图片比较任务的注视点数量可以作为整体-分析型认知风格的区分指标，并进一步发现该眼动指标可以预测拼图问题解决的策略，为认知风格的创新性测量提供了研究基础。关键词：整体-分析型认知风格；问题解决策略；眼动注视点；毕生发展

The present study sought to elucidate the broad developmental trajectories of holistic-analytic cognitive style in China and its correlation with puzzle problem solving. To be more specific, the proposed research questions were twofold: 1) How does holistic-analytic cognitive style change with age? 2) How does cognitive style relate to the use of puzzle solving strategies among different age groups?Experiment 1 adopted a cross-sectional design and used the Cognitive Style Analysis (CSA) test to measure the holistic-analytic style of Chinese preschoolers, school-aged children, adolescents, and adults from multisite of China (N = 701). The results demonstrated a U-shaped curve for the developmental trajectories of cognitive style. The holistic style appeared to gradually weaken until adolescence and strengthen again in middle and later adulthood. Importantly, young adults showed the strongest analytic style.Experiment 2 was designed to examine how holistic-analytic cognitive style and its development affect puzzle problem solving (N = 411). Individuals with analytic style focused more on the detailed information, using local positioning strategy and clue inference strategy more often and to focus more on the detailed information. In contrast, individuals with holistic style were more likely to use subject reference strategy that reflects the relation between subjects and the background. In addition, people’s use of puzzle strategy did not change with age.In Experiment 3, the eye tracking technology was employed to measure attention mode of cognitive style during the CSA task. There were marked contrasts between holistic and analytic cognitive style in fixation counts in the CSA task, which in turn predicted the use of clue inference strategy in puzzle problem solving. These findings suggested that fixation counts might be seen as an index of cognitive style in the CSA task.In sum, the current study first illustrated a detailed developmental picture of holistic-analytic cognitive style, which fills the gap of life-long development of cognitive style in this area. The significant links between cognitive style and problem-solving strategies enriches our understanding of how cognitive style shapes individual behaviors. Lastly, we contributed to the literature methodologically by verifying the effectiveness of fixation count in holistic subtest as an indicator of holistic versus analytic cognitive style, and further found that such eye-tracking fixation could predict problem-solving strategies. These findings provide important foundations for assessing the cognitive style and its influences on cognitive activities.Keywords: holistic-analytic cognitive style; problem solving strategy; eye-tracking fixation; life-long development