“一带一路”倡议于2013年被提出，旨在促进亚非欧之间的连通。目前越来越多的国家参与到“一带一路”合作中来，同中国签署“一带一路”政府间备忘录的国家已经达到140个。欧盟在“一带一路”建设中地位至关重要。欧盟关于“一带一路”的认识已经从观望甚至质疑转，逐渐转向为客观和理性，对“一带一路”的关注度和参与度持续增加。二零一九年三月，意大利、卢森堡先后签署了BRI Mous，使与中国已签署相关倡议的欧洲国家数量增至27个，“一带一路”合作正在不断深化和巩固。欧盟27个成员国中已有三分之二的国家签署了BRI Mous，是什么因素决定了欧盟成员国签署该备忘录呢？在总计18个已经同中国签署BRI Mous的成员国中，有11个国家均为民粹政党执政。在民粹主义浪潮席卷欧洲的大背景下，欧盟国民粹主义政党上台执政对该国与中国的 “一带一路” 合作产生了什么影响呢？ 本文发现在欧盟中处于外围/边缘地位的国家更倾向于与中国签署BRI Mous，在欧盟中处于核心地位的国家则倾向于不签订该备忘录。签署BRI Mous的欧盟成员国中，政党民粹化程度高的国家充分利用“一带一路”合作平台，合作水平更高；而政党民粹化程度低的国家则是机会主义利用“一带一路”合作框架。为了更好地解释这一问题，本文选取匈牙利、波兰和希腊作为研究案例，分析了民粹化程度较高的国家，疑欧主义使得来自欧盟的阻力减少，政党政治中发展经济的压力使得“一带一路”共商共建共享所带来的经济利益吸引力提高，因而更加充分地利用“一带一路”合作框架，有效地检验了本文的解释框架。研究欧盟成员国签署“一带一路”谅解备忘录具有现实意义。探究欧盟成员国签署“一带一路”备忘录及利用该合作框架的程度，有益于为“一带一路”战略在欧洲更高水平、更深入地推进作为参考，并为中国与其他“一带一路”沿线国的合作提供借鉴。
As of January 30, 2021, China has signed 205 cooperation documents for the joint construction of the “Belt and Road" with 140 countries and 31 international organizations. China and Europe are located at the two ends of the ancient Silk Road and are natural partners in the joint construction of the "Belt and Road". The EU institutions' awareness of the "Belt and Road" has gone from a wait-and- see and even doubts to a process of gradually becoming objective and rational. Italy and Luxembourg have successively signed the “Belt and Road” Mous with China which means the cooperation between China and Europe under the framework of the “Belt and Road” is continuously deepening and solidifying.18 of the 27 EU countries have signed the "Belt and Road" Mous. What factors determine the signing of the OBOR Mous by EU countries? Populist parties are in power in 11 of the 18 EU countries that have signed the OBOR Mous. In the context of populism sweeping across Europe, what impact has the European Union's populist parties come to power to have on the countrys’ "Belt and Road" cooperation with China? This article finds that countries in the peripheral position of the EU are more inclined to sign the OBOR Mous, while countries in the core position of the EU tend not to sign the Mous. Among the countries that have signed the OBOR Mous, those ruling by populist parties make full use of the “Belt and Road” cooperation platform while those ruling by non-populist parties utilize the “Belt and Road” cooperation framework opportunistically. In order to better explain and effectively test the interpretation framework proposed, this article selects Greece, Italy, Poland, and Hungary as cases. It is of practical significance to explore the signing of the "Belt and Road" Mous by EU countries which will be helpful for the higher level and deeper advancement of the “Belt and Road” strategy in Europe other “Belt and Road” countries along the route.
