生育是传递基因、绵延后代的天性使然。脱胎于此的生育权，则是兼具社会和自然双重属性的法律概念，与人类可持续发展密切相关。近年，社会群体结构愈加多元，婚姻和家庭观念也在阒然转变。计划生育条文的调整，这在实质上可以看作是对当前人口变化、思想变革和时代进步的回应。另一方面，女性单身的数量持续增多，在生物天性及母性情怀的驱使下，其孕育子女的意愿并没有消失反而更加强烈，由此产生的生育问题纠纷一再进入大众视野。冲突折射的是我国女性单身生育的现实困境。学术研究仍在争论，立法未置可否，实践中自然生育受歧视，辅助生育被禁止。生育权法律性质如何定位，权利主体如何界定，以及具体权能所含几何。尚未明晰的生育权概念，对应的缺失、矛盾的生育权法律体系，造成了当前我国单身女性生育诉求无法可依的尴尬境地。单身女性生育权，从法律理论层面看，它属于民法上的人格权，也是宪法上的基本人权，所有自然人理应平等享有。从社会现实层面看，一方面由于观念转变，婚姻与生育不再是必然的组合形式，单身女性存在生育子女的现实需求；另一方面人口老龄化的危机也对生育提出迫切要求。从域外立法层面看，国际上有关的呼吁早在女权运动期间就开始，至今早已在法律上被承认和妥善保障。与之相比，我国对该项权利的理论研究和制度构建则是红日初升。诚然，放开单身女性生育限制势必会冲击现有的社会结构和伦理道德，但这并不应成为阻碍其生育自由的理由，相反一味漠视只会催生更加恶性的后果。因而，明确单身的女性亦应在主体范围内，正式认可其权利的享有是正当且必要的。至于单身女性生育权的实现，自然生育与医疗辅助生育均为可行路径，该当尊重单身女性基于生育自由权的自主抉择。但是，基于社会公共利益和道德伦理的考量以及单身女性群体的特殊性，人类辅助生殖技术更为妥当，其可规避更多违法、违规和有悖道德伦理的社会问题产生。立法是应对技术新变化和权利新需求的最好武器，必须发挥立法在科技创新和社会变革中应有的指导作用。应通过法律明确赋权，就技术专门立法，完备配套制度，并加以必要规制，以期在完备、科学、前瞻的生育权法律保障体系下，使每位女性在生育权上享有平等的独立人格和自由尊严，以实现其对生育的自我掌控和命运的自我主宰。
Reproduction is an instinctive behavior for human beings to pass on genes to their offspring. The right to reproduction is a legal concept with both social and natural attributes and is closely related to the development of our society. In recent years, the structure of social groups has become more diverse, and the meaning of marriage and family is also changing. The cancellation of family planning provisions in the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China can be seen as a timely response to the current demographic and ideological changes. Yet the number of single women continues to increase. Driven by their biological nature and maternal instincts, single women’s’ willingness to conceive children has become stronger. The resulting disputes regarding reproduction have frequently entered the public eye.The conflict surrounding reproduction reflects the realistic dilemma for single women and their reproductive rights in China. Current research and legislation still debate over the ideas of natural and assisted reproduction for single women. In conjunction with the lack of legal nature for the right to reproduction and specific rights and liabilities to the right to reproduction, an unclear legal system to single women’s right to reproduction has cause single women to not be able to claim their right to reproduce. From the legal perspective, the single women’s right to reproduction is considered a personality right in the civil law and a basic human right in the constitution, thus everyone should enjoy them equally. From a social perspective, changes such as the fact that marriage and childbirth are no longer an inevitable combination, single women should be able to have children, and the population crisis, place urgent demands on reproduction. From international view, the international appeals for single women's right to reproduction began as early as the feminist movement and have since been recognized and properly protected by law. In contrast, the theoretical research and system construction of this right in China is still at its early stage. It is true that the liberalization of right to reproduction for single women will inevitably impact the existing social structure and ethical standards, but this should not be a reason to hinder their single women’s choice to reproduce. On the contrary, the obliviousness to such right will only give rise to more vicious consequences. Therefore, single women should also be able to claim their right to reproduction as legitimate, necessary.As for the realization of single women’s right to reproduction, natural and assisted reproduction are both feasible paths. Based on single women’s right to reproduction, the current legal system should respect single women’s freedom to choose their own method to conceive. Based on legal, moral, and ethical considerations, as well as the particularity of the single women group, ART may be more appropriate.Legislation is the best weapon and guiding tool in terms of dealing with technological changes and demands for societal rights. Special legislation on assisted reproduction technology should be passed to clarify rights and improve supporting legal systems. A forward-looking legal protection system for the right to reproduction can help ensure that every woman enjoys equal personality rights to reproduction and have the freedom to choose reproduce and to fate.
