国有企业是我国国民经济的中坚力量，国有企业改革是经济体制改革的重要组成部分，劳动关系治理在国有企业改革中又处于举足轻重的关键位置，相应的，包括效率公平关系在内的国有企业用工政策研究也在学术界备受关注。本文从宏观、中观、微观三个层面对国有企业用工政策进行梳理，从时间轴方向上对国家层面政策、从主体层级方向上对企业集团政策进行溯源并作效率与公平分析，通过数据分析和调查问卷对案例企业现阶段用工管理实践和存在问题开展实证研究，整理出国有企业用工经历了从“铁饭碗、铁工资、铁交椅”向市场化、契约化、法治化方向转变的过程，以及现行多轨制用工政策的成因和弊端，并对进一步深化国有企业用工政策改革，解决突出矛盾问题，从宏观和企业两个层面提出政策建议。

State-owned enterprises are the backbone of China's national economy and the reform of state-owned enterprises is an important part of the economic system reform. Labor relations governance plays a pivotal role in the reform of state-owned enterprises. Therefore, researches on the employment policy of state-owned enterprises, including the relationship of efficiency and fairness have also drawn much attention in the academic circle. This article recruitment policy of state-owned enterprises from three aspects: macro, meso and micro. Traceability and analyse the efficiency and fairness from the time axis. Tracing the source and analyzing the efficiency and fairness of enterprise group policy from the direction of main body level. Analysis and questionnaire to the case enterprise project management practices and existing problems at present stage to carry out the empirical study through data. Sort out the process of change of state-owned enterprise employee from the "old generation" to marketization, leasing, under the rule of law, as well as the causes and disadvantages of existing multi track system and employment policy, and to further deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises recruitment policy, solve the outstanding contradiction problem from the macro level and the enterprise two levels to put forward policy suggestions.