二战后，国内外宏观环境的一系列改变，为中国企业国际化创造了历史契机；与此同时，经过多年的自力更生以及学习消化国外的先进成果和经验，中国企业的竞争实力得到不断提高；因此，不断增多的中国科技企业开始实施国际化战略。然而，在此过程中，由于国际化经验不足、风险管控能力孱弱，现有相关理论大多基于西方企业实际等现象，中国科技企业遭遇了大量的风险，凸显了中国科技企业国际化战略的两大主要问题：未能充分识别国际化风险和缺乏国际化战略评价指标体系。因此，从风险管理视角研究中国科技企业国际化战略是十分必要和迫切的。 本文首先明确了企业作为科技创新主体的必要性，界定了科技企业的概念和类型，研究了战略管理和风险管理的相关理论，区分了战略层级，界定了国际化战略和天生国际化企业的概念，对比了四种国际化进入模式的优劣以及与企业生命周期的关系，并划分了风险类型；其次，利用文献研究法和德尔菲法识别了国际化风险因素，得到了中国科技企业国际化风险因素目录，并选用华为、联想和大疆创新等企业的国际化案例进行实证，其后使用德尔菲法对国际化风险因素的重要度进行排序；再次，从企业生命周期L、企业的行业/产品类型I、国际化进入模式M、国际化区域A以及已完成重要度排序的国际化风险因素R等五个维度着手，构建了中国科技企业国际化战略评价指标体系（LIMAR），得到了数学表达式，并利用层次分析法确定了评价指标体系各指标的权重，然后使用该评价指标体系评测上述三家科技企业各阶段的国际化战略，验证了其有效性；最后，以国内人工智能企业Y公司为例，使用中国科技企业国际化战略评价指标体系对其国际化战略进行实证和分析，并将其与上述三家科技企业的国际化战略进行了对比。 本文通过研究战略管理和风险管理的相关理论与文献，识别和归纳了国际化风险因素，并利用中国科技企业国际化战略的典型案例验证了国际化风险因素，构建了中国科技企业国际化战略评价指标体系（LIMAR），为中国科技企业制定国际化战略、规避国际化风险提供了有益的参考和指导。
After WWⅡ, a series of changes in the domestic and international macro environment provide a historical opportunity for the internationalization of Chinese enterprises. At the same time, after years of self-reliance along with learning and digesting the advanced achievements and experience of foreign countries, the competitive strength of Chinese enterprises has been continuously improved. Therefore, an increasing number of Chinese technology enterprises begin to implement internationalization strategy. In this process, however, due to the lack of internationalization experience, weak risk management and control capabilities, and the existing relevant theories are mostly based on the reality of Western companies, Chinese technology enterprises have encountered a lot of risks; which highlights the two major problems of Chinese technology enterprises’ internationalization strategies: failure to fully identify internationalization risks and lack of an Internationalization Strategy Evaluation Index System. Therefore, it is very necessary and urgent to research the internationalization strategy of Chinese technology enterprises from the perspective of risk management. Firstly, this thesis paper clarifies the necessity of enterprises as the main body of scientific and technological innovation, defines the concepts and types of technology enterprises, studies and summarizes the relevant theories of strategic management and risk management, distinguishes the strategic levels, defines the concepts of Internationalization Strategy and Born Global Firms, compares the merits and demerits of four internationalization entry modes and their relationship with enterprise life cycle, and divides the risk types; Secondly, the paper identifies the internationalization risk factors by using the literature research method and Delphi method, obtains the catalogue of internationalization risk factors of Chinese technology enterprises, and uses the internationalization cases of Huawei, Lenovo and DJI for empirical research, then ranks the importance of internationalization risk factors by Delphi method; Again, this paper develops an Evaluation Index System for the Internationalization Strategy of Chinese technology enterprises(LIMAR) from five dimensions of enterprise life cycle, enterprise’s industry/product type, internationalization entry mode, internationalization area and internationalization risk factors prioritized in importance, obtains the mathematical expression, and determines the weight of each index of LIMAR by the Analytic Hierarchy Process, then verifies the effectiveness of LIMAR by using LIMAR to evaluate, score and compare the internationalization strategies of the above three technology enterprises at each stages; Finally, taking Y corporation, a well-known domestic artificial intelligence enterprise, as an example, this paper verifies and analyzes its internationalization strategy by using the evaluation index system of internationalization strategy of Chinese technology enterprises, and compares it with that of the above three technology enterprises. Based on the research of related theories and literatures of strategic management and risk management, this thesis paper identifies and summarizes the internationalization risk factors, and verifies these risk factors by the typical cases of internationalization strategy of Chinese technology enterprise, then builds an Evaluation Index System for Internationalization Strategies of Chinese technology enterprises(LIMAR), which provides beneficial reference and guidance for Chinese technology enterprises to formulate internationalization strategy and avoid internationalization risk.
