在当前世界竞技体育职业化和商业化的深刻背景下，传统体能训练方法发生了重大发展和演变，体能训练成为队伍提升训练效率和科学化水平的重要突破点。研究以系统、辩证和发展的理念，基于运动科学领域的最新研究进展，用文献法、访谈法、问卷法、实验法和数理统计等研究方法，对国内外先进体能训练体系进行了详细的梳理、解析和归纳。在此基础上，为提升国内精英运动员的体能水平和专项运动表现，构建了一套适合我国国情和运动项目特征的体能训练指导体系。主要研究成果如下：1. 精英运动员体能训练指导体系的理论架构层次，包括上层的体系理念和目标、中层的内容板块以及下层的方法手段。体系由测试评价系统、专项分析系统和动作板块系统三个子系统组成。三个子系统相互统筹，分别针对“个性化”“专项化”和“方法库”三个维度进行解析，最终设计出适合不同运动项目精英运动员的科学化体能训练方案。1.1 测试评价系统：目的是解决“个性化”需求。由身体形态、身体机能、身体素质和身体功能4个维度的测试指标组成，为全面了解运动员体能相关的个体化情况，制定针对性训练策略提供依据，同时也是体系中监控调整和检验反馈的工具。同时，系统针对290名国家队队员进行了FMS测试的因子关联性分析；1.2 专项分析系统：目的是解决“专项化”需求。包含专项调研系统、专项动作特征解析系统和专项能量代谢特征解析系统三部分内容。专项调研系统从主观和客观维度把控专项规律；专项动作特征解析系统构建了力量负荷类动作模式和移动速度类动作模式的解析方法；专项能量代谢特征解析系统通过对能量代谢生理学与身体运动能力的关联分析，确定能量系统发展的专项拟合训练方案；1.3 动作板块系统：目的是建立“动作方法库”。系统共设置了7个训练板块内容（预康复练习、动作准备、快速伸缩复合训练、动作技能、力量与爆发力、软组织再生和拉伸练习），并建立起国内首个体能训练动作资料库（构建了635个标准化训练动作）。2. 使用体系对国家游泳队5名精英运动员进行了实证研究。实践验证过程和结果证明，体能教练或相关工作人员能够根据本研究的体系架构和逻辑实现过程，逐步设计出满足精英运动员个性化和专项化需求的体能训练方案。体系具有良好的可操作性、科学性、实效性和先进性。
Against the background of the professional and commercial world of competitive sport, the concentrated schedule of elite-lever competition places new and greater demands on an athlete’s physical capacity. This has inspired the evolution of traditional strength and conditioning training principles into the more advanced，integrated systems of performance training. Comprehensive sports training reform is the primary requirement and strategy for China to become a world sports power. Developing science-based strength and conditioning training systems has become a breakthrough point for the National teams of China to improve training efficiency and results. With the concept of systematically, dialectically, and developmentally , based on the latest research and practical applications in the field of sports science, this thesis uses the methods of literature, interview, questionnaire, experiment and statistics, analyzes and summarizes multiple advanced training systems both in China and abroad in detail. This will lead to a discussion regarding what may be the best guidance system for programming and decision-making that is particularly adapted to the unique situation and traditional sports in China. The main research results are as follows:1. The theoretical framework of a S&C training guidance system for elite athletes, including design conception and objectives at the top level, as well as contents of the program from the middle level, and with methods and tools being explored at the base level. The system consists of three subsystems: Testing and evaluation system, Sport-specific analysis system, and Movement database system. The three subsystems coordinate with each other, analyze the three dimensions of "personalization", "specialization" and "movement library", and finally design scientific S&C program suitable for elite athletes of different sports events.a) The Testing and Evaluation system: the purpose is to solve the "personalized" requirements. It is composed of four dimensions of body shape, physiology, physical quality and physical function. It provides an objective basis for comprehensively understanding the individual situation of athletes' physical fitness and formulating targeted training strategies. It is also a tool for monitoring, adjusting and testing feedback in the system. Also the factor correlation analysis of 290 national team elite athletes is carried out for FMS test;b) The Sport-specific Analysis System: the purpose is to solve the demand of sports "specialization". It includes three parts: an investigation system, movement characteristic analysis system, and a energy metabolism characteristic analysis system. The investigation system summarized the needs of specific sports from both the subjective and objective analysis from the coaches and athletes; the movement analysis looks at the individual athlete’s strength and speed needs in relation to the objectives laid out in the initial investigation analysis, and the metabolic analysis helps determine the energy system development component of the training program..c) The Movement Database System: this system aims to establish a "movement library". A total of 7 training blocks were set up (Prehabilitation, Movement preparation, Plyometric, Movement skills, Strength and Power, Regeneration and Stretching). From this database the first domestic functional training movement library was established ( 635 movements in total).2. Using the above components of the overall S&C guidance system, this paper created an empirical study on five elite athletes of the Chinese national swimming team. The practice verification process and results show that the Strength and Conditioning Coach or relevant staff can gradually design a training program to meet the personalized and specialized needs of elite athletes according to the system architecture and logic implementation process of this study. This science-based system has proven to be adaptable, practical , effective and advanced.
