筹办、举办第24届冬奥会，为河北省带来了重大发展机遇，也在各方面带来了巨大挑战。河北省冰雪运动开始较晚、基础薄弱，虽然在申奥成功后有较大改善，但与北京市相比，在冰雪运动竞技、赛会服务保障、冰雪装备制造、冰雪服务产业等方面，仍然存在着很大的缺口。国家提出深化体教融合发展，对学校系统培养竞技体育后备人才提出了新要求。河北省学校冰雪运动人才培养处于探索阶段，发挥好学校冰雪人才培养的优势，使冰雪运动人才培养模式更适应社会需求，提高冰雪运动人才培养的质量和数量，对举办好冬奥会具有重要意义。所以，探索河北省学校冰雪运动人才培养模式是亟需探讨的议题。本研究兼顾后奥运时期冰雪运动人才的可持续发展，对河北省成功举办冬奥会和促进本地经济发展都有重大意义。本文通过文献法、访谈法、实地调查法、案例分析法和逻辑分析法，对河北省学校冰雪运动人才培养具体情况进行了调查，从培养目标、培养过程、培养资源、培养评价等4个要素，揭示河北省学校冰雪运动人才培养模式现状，对现存问题进行分析，并结合筹办冬奥会需要，以及后冬奥时期人才需求变化、冰雪运动和冰雪产业发展需要，提出针对性的模式改进策略和措施。结论如下：1）河北省冰雪运动人才需求在冬奥会时期和后冬奥时期存在结构性转变。2）河北省学校冰雪运动人才培养得到政策、人力、物力等外部支持，主要形成了以培养应用型人才为目标的校企结合模式和以培养竞技后备人才为目标的体教融合模式。校企结合模式以高等院校为主，通过资源共享、岗位实训实习等方式，以满足冰雪运动对场地的特殊要求，在深化合作上有进一步提升空间；体教融合模式以中小学为主，通过建设冰雪特色学校等方式进行体育与教育资源的融合，实现培养高水平、全方面发展的冰雪运动人才，需要政府、学校、社会、家长的全面参与。3）后冬奥时期，根据经济、社会需求与国家发展导向等背景，兼顾冰雪运动人才可持续发展，探寻新培养模式。包括以发展冰雪产业为目标的“校场结合”、订单式培养模式，以培养竞技后备人才为目标的体教融合模式，以学校为主、各方面资源共享的联合培养模式。
The 24th Winter Olympics present great opportunities to Hebei province and enormous challenges at the same time. As winter sports started late and suffered from a weak foundation in the province, although it has been greatly improved after the successful bid for the Olympics, compared with Beijing, there are still big gaps in winter sports competition, competition service guarantee, ice and snow equipment manufacturing, ice and snow service industry and other aspects. The Chinese government has proposed to further integrate physical education and other disciplines, and puts forward new requirements on schools to nurture back-up talents for competitive sports. The cultivation of winter sports talents in schools in Hebei province is in the exploratory stage. We should give full play to schools’advantages in nurturing winter sports talents and make their cultivation models more adapted to real demands. We shall also enhance the capacity and increase the number of winter sports talents. These are of vital importance to the Winter Olympics. Therefore, it is an urgent issue to explore the cultivation mode of winter sports talents in Hebei province. This study considers sustainable development of winter sports talents both in the Olympic and post-Olympic period, which is of great significance to the successful hosting of the Winter Olympics and the promotion of local economic development in Hebei Province.By means of literature review, interview, field investigation, case analysis and logical analysis, this research investigates the specific situation of the cultivation of winter sports talents in schools in Hebei Province from four aspects, namely, training target, training process, training resources and training evaluation. The current situation of the training mode of winter sports talents in schools in Hebei province are reviewed, and the existing problems and corresponding improvement strategies and measures are analyzed, according to the needs of preparing for the Winter Olympics, the changes of talent demand in the post-Winter Olympic period, and the development needs of winter sports and industry.The conclusions are as follows :1) There exists a structural change for ice and snow sports talents in Hebei province during and after the Winter Olympics. 2) Supported by policies, manpower, material and other resources, the cultivation of snow and ice sports talents in schools in Hebei mainly forms the school-enterprise combination mode aiming at cultivating applied talents, and the sports education integration mode aiming at cultivating competitive reserve talents. The school-enterprise combination mode is dominated by colleges and universities. Through resources sharing, post training and internship, etc., it satisfies the special requirements of ice and snow sports on the field, and there is further room for improvement in deepening cooperation. The model of sports and education integration mainly focuses on primary and secondary schools, through building snow and ice sport schools and other ways, to cultivate high-level and all-round development of snow and ice sports talents, which requires the full participation of the government, schools, society and parents. 3) In the post-Winter Olympic period, according to the background of economic, social needs and national development orientation, the sustainable development of snow and ice sports talents, new training modes should be explored, such as "school-field combination" and order cultivation mode aiming at developing the ice and snow industry, sports education integration mode aiming at cultivating competitive reserve talents, and joint training mode focusing on schools and sharing resources of all aspects.
