构建党统一领导、全面覆盖、权威高效的监督体系，提高党的自我净化、自我完善、自我革新、自我提高能力的创制之举，根本目的是厚植党的执政基础，跳出历史周期律，实现国家的长治久安的战略之举。C市按照党中央统一部署，严格依照《宪法》《监察法》，在围绕监察向农村地区全覆盖方面做了大量工作，基本实现了对村地区监察监督的对象、责任、方式全覆盖，取得了良好成效。本文基于深化国家监察体制改革，推动新时代纪检监察工作高质量发展的大背景下，综合运用文献研究、实证分析法、比较分析法等方法分析解决农村地区监察全覆盖的问题。根据权力有效运作、监察全覆盖的一般原则要求，权力监督的全面性原理、合理性原理和长期性原理等构成了农村地区监察全覆盖的理论根基。为了更为具体实证地分析问题，通过将C市作为研究样本，对C市相关区县的走访调研，深入剖析C市监察向农村地区全覆盖现实情况，具体如下：在制度架构上，C市对区县一级具体实施监察向农村地区全覆盖所涉及的各项制度要素（包括派出方式、权限设置、业务管理、资源配置等各）均进行了体系化的规定。在规范供给上，在增加派出监察室的架构同时，根据当地需要和自身工作特征，积极制定监督执纪的具体规范。在工作保障上，增加人员配给，保障经费供给，调整主体。而在功能实现方面，推动派出监督取得了具有一定实效的成果。但是，根据农村地区监察全覆盖的基本原理，当前农村监察全覆盖还存在一些较为突出的问题：一是农村监察全覆盖工作运行存在不顺畅的地方；二是存在“重办案、轻监督”“重查处、轻整改”等工作理念的偏差；三是派出监察室的专业素质还存在欠缺；四是农村监察工作的独立性、积极性释放尚不够。经过深入分析，以上问题产生的原因分别是：一是市级层面的制度安排尚有些宏观，还需要进一步细化；二是农村地区腐败的监督工作政策供给还未形成健全的体系；三是农村监察干部队伍的配备和教育培训还存在一定滞后的地方；四是农村监察全覆盖的激励保障体系还存在不足。在问题及其原因分析的基础上，可以从以下四个方面完善相应工作：一是加强农村监察全覆盖制度的体系化建设；二是系统优化农村监察全覆盖工作的具体理念与政策；三是提升优化农村监察干部的执法能力；四是优化农村监察全覆盖的资源配给。在此基础上，力求实现监察向农村地区的有形覆盖、有效覆盖，为做好打通监察职能向农村地区延伸覆盖及完善监督体系提供有益借鉴及参考。
The fundamental purpose of building an official supervision system under the unified leadership of the CCP with a full coverage and high efficiency, creating a mechanism for the CCP's self-purificationt, is to stabilize the ruling foundation of the CCP, jump out of the historical cycle, and realize the long-term stability of China. After the 19th National Congress of the CCP, according to the unified deployment of the Central Committee of CCP and strictly pursuant with the Constitution and the Supervision Law of China, City C has completed various tasks of reform, continuously deepened the reform, and has done significant work on the full coverage of national supervision to rural areas. It has fundamentally realized the full coverage of the objects, responsibilities and methods of supervision in rural areas, and achieved good results.Based on the background of deepening the reform of the national supervision system and promoting the high-quality development of discipline inspection and supervision in the new era, using the methods of literature research, empirical analysis, comparative analysis and system research in a comprehensive way. According to the general principle of effective operation of power and full coverage of supervision, the theoretical basis of full coverage of rural supervision includes the comprehensiveness of power supervision, scientific nature of power supervision, and long term nature of power supervision. In order to analyze the problem more concretely and empirically, this paper analyzes the reality of C city's supervision covering rural areas by taking city C as the research sample. In terms of system structure, city C has made regulations on the system elements involved in the specific implementation of supervision at the district and county level to cover all rural areas. On the standard supply, City C has increased the structure of dispatching supervision offices and actively formulates specific norms for supervision and discipline enforcement according to local needs and working characteristics. On the working security, City C increased personnel allocation, guaranteed funding supply, and adjusted the main body. In terms of function realization, the promotion of dispatched supervision has achieved certain results. According to the basic principle of full coverage of supervision in rural areas, there are still some problems in the full coverage of rural supervision. Firstly, the operation of full coverage of rural supervision is not smooth; Secondly, there are deviations in the working concepts of "paying more attention to handling cases than supervision" and "attaching importance to investigation and punishment, while neglecting rectification". Thirdly, there is still a lack of professional quality of rural supervisor. Fourthly, the independence and enthusiasm of rural supervision are not enough. After in-depth analysis, there are four reasons for the above problems. First of all, the institutional arrangement at the municipal level is still somewhat macroscopic. Then the policy supply of supervision on corruption in rural areas has not yet formed a sound system. After that there is still a certain lag in the allocation, education and training of rural supervisor. Finally, the incentive security system of full coverage of rural supervision is still insufficient. Based on the analysis of the problems and their causes，the corresponding work can be improved from the following four aspects:(1) Strengthening the systematic construction of full coverage system of rural supervision; (2) Optimizing the specific ideas and policies of full coverage of rural supervision;(3) Optimizing law enforcement ability of rural supervisors;(4) Optimizing resource allocation of full coverage of rural supervision. All in all, it tries to summarize the feasible path to realize the visible and effective coverage of supervision to rural areas, so as to provide examples and references for extending the coverage of supervision function to rural areas and improving the supervision system.
