鲁迅短篇小说是中国现代文学史上公认的最具思想性和艺术性的作品，也是真正走向了世界的中国现代文学作品，而鲁迅短篇小说英译则是中国现代文学外译史上最复杂的翻译现象。迄今为止，鲁迅短篇小说英译仍缺乏全面、系统、深入的研究。 针对上述问题，本研究采用知识考古学的思路与方法，以被传统翻译理论遮蔽掉的翻译现象为主要研究对象，参照误读、改写和阐释学等理论，以文本细读和对比分析为具体研究方法，全面、系统地探讨了鲁迅短篇小说的英译情况。首先，共考证出21位译者及其英译的鲁迅短篇小说作。其次，围绕鲁迅短篇小说中具体话语单元的翻译，从客观误读和主观误读两个方面考察了不同英译版本相对原文产生的误读现象。最后，借助阐释学理论，进一步深度探讨鲁迅短篇小说的各种解读，并对翻译理论予以反思。 本研究取得的突破包括：第一、本文采用知识考古学的考证、与呈现知识“断裂化”和多样化的历史事实的思想方法，揭示了鲁迅短篇小说中各种知识在翻译中的多元化面貌；第二、本文采用知识考古学、阐释学、误读等新的理论视角，多角度再现了鲁迅短篇小说英译的复杂性，体现了翻译的社会属性和文化属性；第三、获得了较全面的鲁迅短篇小说英译译本目录，这将为后来者研究鲁迅短篇小说英译提供充分资源。 鲁迅短篇小说英译研究的意义在于：一、针对年代较久远的文学作品，翻译研究的第一步应该是“考古”；二、鲁迅短篇小说复杂的思想在翻译中出现了多样化的传达，也就是受“个人偏见”、主流意识形态、诗学等操控和改写；三、翻译是一场文化碰撞，翻译中出现的各种误读也是两种文化的阻滞点所在，研究这些误读能够促进我们认识自身文化、了解对方文化，进而促进两种文化之间的交流；四、翻译理论在强调译文对原文忠实再现的理性原则与理想信念的同时，也要承认文学作品在文化碰撞中发生扭曲的事实，从而将翻译的时间性、空间性等纳入翻译研究视野；五、在提高文化自信的前提下，中国本土翻译理论需从认识论转向认识论、本体论和方法论三者的统一。中国文学外译不仅需要重大项目和大部头译作的出版，还要鼓励译者以零散译文、节译文等形式在国内外各种报刊、网络上发表，以促进中国文学在海内外的传播。
The short stories of Lu Xun are well known as the most propound and artistic works in the history of modern Chinese literature, and have become world literature in the real sense. However, literature review indicates that systematic research on the English translation of Lu Xun’s short stories is still absent. In view of the mentioned problems, this research focused on some translation phenomena concealed by the traditional translation theories, with an archaeological view and method, and a reference to the theories of misreading, rewriting and hermeneutics, conducted a systematic and comprehensive investigation into the translation of Lu Xun’s short stories through specific close reading and comparative study. Firstly, the paper found 21 translators with their specific translated English pieces through an exhaustive research. Secondly, the research touched upon the misreading phenomena of the specific discourse units in Lu Xun’s short stories in their English translation by dividing them into categories of objective and subjective misreadings. Thirdly, hermeneutics is adopted for further discussion on all kinds of interpretations of Lu Xun’s short stories and translation theories have been reviewed in the meantime. The research led to several progresses or breakthroughs in the study of the English translations of Lu Xun’s short stories: 1) The archaeological view and method adopted in this study reveals the “fragmentations” and diversification of the knowledge, wherein the the pluralism of Knowledge in the translation history of Lu Xun’s short stories was revealed. 2) The research has displayed the complexity of the translation of Lu Xun’s short stories with a reference to the theories of misreading, rewriting and hermeneutics, and fully unlockinging the social and cultural nature of translation. 3) The exhaustive collection of the translated versions of Lu Xun’s short stories can pave the way for future researchers. The significances of the research are as following: 1) In regard of ancient or old literary texts in translation the first step of translation should be “archeology”. 2) The ideological elements of Lu Xun’s short stories are so complicated that many of the translated texts were outcomes of misreading and rewriting from personal “prejudice”, the mainstream ideology of the target language and poetics. 3) Translation is a cultural collision and all kinds of misreading in the translation are the blockage points between the two cultures. The study of the misreading can bring better understanding of the Chinese culture, the target culture and promotion of the communication between them. 4) The thesis concluded that the emphasis on the rational principles and the ideals of faithful reproduction of the source text in traditional translation theories could not deny the fact that the literary texts are ready to be distorted during the cultural collision. So the spatiality, temporality should be consideratied. 5) It is a time for Chinese theories to turn to the unity of epistemology, ontology and methodology instead of the epistemological paradigm to cultural confidence.The translation of Chinese literature into other languages needs not only major projects on huge translation works but also abridged translations published on different newspapers, magazines, webpages, and collections.
