当前虚拟现实技术的发展和广泛应用深刻地影响了动画艺术在内的各个领域。动画作为一种极具魅力的叙事语言，它与技术的革新紧密关联。在虚拟现实多模态媒介环境对互动性的强大支持下，动画观众能够“进入”到虚拟的故事世界中，促成其获得前所未有的沉浸感，进而如何将叙事性纳入互动媒介再度引发了学界的热烈讨论。由此，本文针对虚拟现实环境中动画创作所面临的互动体验的设计问题进行了研究，希望在对叙事深入分析的基础上，构建针对互动体验的动画设计框架，探讨兼容叙事逻辑的互动体验设计方法。面对虚拟现实环境下动画观众的互动式体验与叙事的兼容性问题，很多专家提出“限制性的互动体验策略”是实现叙事为中心的关键。本文面向虚拟现实从观众互动式体验角度对传统动画的设计方法给予了补充。首先，本文解析了虚拟现实环境下动画观众体验发生的转变；在哲学、心理学、设计学领域对体验研究的基础之上，结合戏剧研究领域的观众体验、电影感知理论以及用户体验的相关理论分析，提出了动画观众互动式体验的概念，并从叙事情境体验、多感官体验、情感体验、价值体验、功能体验、审美体验的6个层面综合建构了虚拟现实环境下观众互动式体验的内容。针对在虚拟现实环境下动画观众互动式体验的设计问题，本文从玛丽-劳尔·瑞安的“媒介思维”出发，强调以媒介的特性来定制动画的叙事内容和互动机制；并创新性地将吉布森的可供性概念引入到虚拟现实环境下动画设计的理论研究中，从情感、认知、物理、功能、感官五个方面的可供性来解决虚拟现实环境下观众互动式体验的设计问题。进一步构建了虚拟现实环境下动画观众互动式体验设计的方法框架，即以互动叙事、互动机制、互动场景、观众化身四个部分的内容呈现，对虚拟现实环境下创作者维持动画叙事意义、尽可能实现观众自然互动的具体设计方法也进行了探讨。并以作者的设计实践作为实验案例，进行了设计方法的验证和分析。最后，论文进一步探讨了人工智能时代以及跨媒介融合发展趋势下，动画观众互动式体验深化的可能。

At present, the development and wide application of virtual reality technology have a profound impact on various fields including animation art. As a charming narrative language, animation is closely related to technological innovation. Under the strong support of virtual reality multi-modal media environment for interactivity, the animation audience can "enter" into the virtual story world, enabling them to gain unprecedented immersion, and then how to bring narrative into the interactive media once again triggered a heated discussion in the academic community. Therefore, this paper studies the design of interactive experience faced by animation creation in virtual reality environment, hoping to build an animation design framework for interactive experience on the basis of in-depth analysis of narrative, and explore the interactive experience design method compatible with narrative logic.Facing the problem of the compatibility between interactive experience and narrative of animation audience in virtual reality environment, many experts put forward that "restrictive interactive experience strategy" is the key to realize narrative as the center. This paper aims at virtual reality and complements the traditional animation design method from the perspective of interactive experience. First of all, this paper analyzes the transformation of animation audience experience in the virtual reality environment; based on the study of experience in the fields of philosophy, psychology and design, combined with the audience experience in the field of drama research, the theory of film perception and the relevant theoretical analysis of user experience, this paper puts forward the concept of interactive experience of animation audience The six levels of emotional experience, value experience, functional experience and aesthetic experience comprehensively construct the content of audience interactive experience in the virtual reality environment.Aiming at the design of interactive experience of animation audience in virtual reality environment, this paper starts from Mary Raul Ryan's "media thinking", emphasizes to customize the narrative content and interactive mechanism of animation with the characteristics of media, and creatively introduces Gibson's concept of affordability into the theoretical research of animation design in virtual reality environment, from emotion, cognition, physics and function The availability of ability and sense can solve the design problem of audience interactive experience in virtual reality environment. Furthermore, the method framework of interactive experience design of animation audience in virtual reality environment is constructed, which is presented in four parts: interactive narrative, interactive mechanism, interactive scene and audience avatar. The specific design method of maintaining the narrative meaning of animation and realizing the natural interaction of audience as much as possible is also discussed. Taking the author's design practice as an experimental case, the design method is verified and analyzed.Finally, the paper further discusses the possibility of interactive experience deepening in the era of artificial intelligence and the trend of cross media integration.