警察权二元结构，即是警察行政职权与侦查职权的统一。在我国清末警政建设中，近代司法权的产生与违警罚法的出现，奠定了二元结构的基本框架和发展走向。这一制度结构历经民国延续至今，既有历史惯性的使然，也有现实效益之驱动。维持现有制度结构，不仅符合近现代诉讼职能分工的历史趋势，而且亦契合我国社会转型期社会治理的实际需要。在二元结构下，行政职权与侦查职权既相互独立，又相互关联。一方面，在行政法与刑事法不同的领域下，二元运行轨迹各自独立、区分。另一方面，由于违法与犯罪的紧密联系，二元在受案立案、调查取证、案件处理、证据衔接、信息公开等环节时常发生联结。在这些制度联结点中，不仅存在权力互换易手、规避监督的问题，也存在两法衔接脱节的现象。二元结构的问题，应当通过权力运作机制的规范与相互协调进行解决。对受案立案的随意切换，可通过公安机关内部规范与检察院外部监督的结合来规制。行政调查对于犯罪预防具有重要意义，但为了防止行政权能对侦查权能的替代，需以严格发动要件、规范运作程序，实施过程性监督等方式实现行政权的规范运作；同时，还应对刑事立案标准进行相应调整，从侦查程序一端解决侦查权能发动的制度障碍，使之符合警察整体功能发挥的需要。对案件处理环节的程序来回窜动，应重点解决以罚代刑、以治安拘留延长侦查羁押期限等突出问题，防止治安处罚制度功能的异化。行政执法言词证据在刑事诉讼中的使用，应当结合公安行政执法程序的具体规定，对证据客观性、合法性等问题进行细致论证，进一步畅通行刑证据的衔接。对于规避执法信息公开的问题，不仅要在现有公开制度基础上明确职权性质之识别标准，而且还要逐步探索和建立行政、侦查两类信息公开的衔接机制。对警察权二元结构的研究启发我们，必须注重制度历史传承与现实需要的统一。现有的制度结构是在中国社会土壤里长期发展、内生性演化的结果，不应轻易摒弃。法治公安背景下的警察执法规范化建设，应扎根本国土壤，借鉴域外法制文明，构建符合现实国情的正当程序、司法审查、基本权利保障制度。
The dual structure of police power, it is the unification of police administrative power and investigation power. In the construction of police administration in the late Qing Dynasty, The emergence of modern judicial power and the appearance of the violate police regulations, laid the basic frame of dual structure and development trend. This institutional structure has gone through the Republic of China and continues to this day, because of historical inertia, but also driven by practical benefits. Maintaining the existing institutional structure, Not only in line with the historical trend of the division of modern litigation functions, but also in line with the actual needs of social governance in the period of social transformation in China.Under the dual structure, administrative power and investigation power are both independent and interrelated. On the one hand, under the different fields of administrative law and criminal law, the dual operation track is independent and distinguished. On the other hand, because of the close connection between the illegal and the criminal, the duality often occurs in the links such as case filing, investigation and evidence collection, case handling, evidence connection, information disclosure and so on. These system connection points not only have the problems of power exchange, avoiding supervision, but also have the phenomenon of disconnection.The problem of dual structure should be solved through the standardization and mutual coordination of power operation mechanism. The random switching of accepting cases can be regulated by the combination of internal norms of public security organs and external supervision of procuratorate. Administrative investigations are important for crime prevention, but in order to prevent the administrative power from replacing the investigative power, In order to realize the standard operation of administrative power, need to strictly launch conditions, standardize operation procedures, and implement process supervision. At the same time, the criminal standards should be adjusted accordingly, so as to solve the system obstacle of the investigation power， make it meet the needs of the overall function of the police. The back and forth of the case handling procedure, should focus on solving such outstanding problems as substituting penalty with fine and prolonging the period of investigation custody with public security detention, preventing the dissimilation of the function of public security punishment system. The use of administrative law enforcement verbal evidence in criminal proceedings，should be combined with the specific provisions of public security administrative law enforcement procedures, to demonstrate the objectivity and legitimacy of evidence in detail, further smooth the connection between administrative evidence and criminal evidence. As for the problem that the publicity of law enforcement information is evaded, it is not only necessary to clarify the identification standard of behavior nature on the basis of existing system, but also gradually explore and establish the connection mechanism of administrative and investigative information disclosure.The research on the dual structure of police power enlightens us, must pay attention to the unification of historical inheritance and realistic needs. The institutional structure, it is the result of long-term development and endogenous evolution in the soil of Chinese society and should not be abandoned easily. The construction of law enforcement standardization under the background of public security under the rule of law, should be combined with national reality, absorbing foreign legal civilization, establish the system of due process, judicial review and protection of basic rights that is in line with China's national conditions.
