存在不凝性气体的蒸汽凝结过程广泛存在于动力、环境等领域。本文以不凝性气体对凝结传热过程影响机理与规律以及新型动力系统中H2O/CO2分离为应用对象，研究了H2O/Air与H2O/CO2在水平圆管外凝结换热的规律以及不凝性气体与蒸汽冷凝与吸附分离的传热传质过程。运用边界层理论研究了不凝性气体含量、壁面过冷度和总压力对含不凝性气体蒸汽在水平圆管外凝结的气膜、液膜、凝结流量和凝结换热系数沿水平管外分布的影响。基于理论研究结果分析了H2O/Air与H2O/CO2在水平圆管外的平均气/液膜厚度、凝结质量流率对凝结换热系数的影响规律。建立了考虑液膜波动、抽吸和雾化作用，以及气体扩散层内部混合气体分子质量和混合密度的变化条件下，含不凝性气体的蒸气凝结的扩散层模型，分析了波动、抽吸和雾化的影响。模型预测的总凝结换热系数与文献中已有的实验结果吻合良好。搭建实验台，实验研究了H2O/He、H2O/N2和H2O/CO2在水平管外的凝结换热，基于实验结果分析了不凝性气体含量、壁面过冷度和总压力对凝结换热系数的影响，建立了新的关联式，与文献中已有的关联式对比分析表明，所建立的新关联式可明显改进凝结换热系数的预测精度。实验结果表明，凝结换热系数随不凝性气体含量和壁面过冷度增加而降低，随总压力的升高而增大；相同摩尔分数的不凝性气体和壁面过冷度条件下，H2O/He、H2O/N2和H2O/CO2的凝结换热系数依次降低，表明含不凝性气体蒸汽的凝结换热过程，气膜层的导热系数和扩散系数是凝性换热的主控因素。建立H2O/CO2在活性氧化铝吸附过程的传热传质模型，研究了H2O/CO2的吸附分离特性，以及变压和真空变压吸附装置的设计；运用本文建立的关联式进行了凝结分离的凝汽器换热设计；将冷凝和变压吸附以及真空变压吸附结合用于H2O/CO2分离，进行了技术经济分析。六种冷凝和变压吸附以及冷凝和真空变压吸附方法的对比分析表明，年度总投资随CO2含量和质量流量的增加而增大，随原料气体压力的升高而降低，压缩-冷凝-再压缩-真空变压吸附(CcCVSA)的年度总投资最小。

Steam condensation in the presence of noncondensable gases is very common in power plants and environmental protection. To investigate the mechanism and law of the influence of non-condensable gas on the condensation heat transfer process and application of the separation of H2O/CO2 in new power systems, in this paper the condensation heat transfer of H2O/Air and H2O/CO2 outside horizontal tubes and the heat and mass transfer process for the condensation and adsorption separation of steam in the presence of noncondensable gas were studied.The boundary layer theory was employed to study the effects of noncondensable gas mole fraction, surface subcoolings, and total pressure on the distribution of gas film, liquid film, condensation flow rate, and condensation heat transfer coefficient of steam condensation in the presence of noncondensable gas outside the horizontal tube. Based on the theoretical research results, the effects of the average gas/liquid film thickness and the condensate mass flowrate on the condensation heat transfer coefficient of H2O/Air and H2O/CO2 outside the horizontal tube were analyzed. A diffusion model was developed to predict the total condensation heat transfer coefficient of steam and noncondensable gas mixtures and the model considered the effects of film waviness, suction, fog formation and the variation of the mixture density and molecular weight across the diffusion layer. The model predictions compare well with previous experimental data and correlations.The experimental bench was constructed and the condensation heat and mass transfer of steam-He, steam-N2 and steam-CO2 mixtures on a horizontal tube under free convection was studied experimentally. The experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of noncondensable gas component, concentration, surface subcooling and total pressure on condensation heat transfer coefficient. A condensation heat transfer correlation was developed based on the experimental data, and a comparative analysis with existing correlations in the literature was shown that the new correlation can significantly improve the prediction accuracy of the condensation heat transfer coefficient. The experiment results indicated that as the noncondensable mole concentration and surface subcooling increase, the condensation heat transfer coefficient decreases. But the heat transfer decreases increases with increasing total pressure. For a given noncondensable gas mole fraction and a given surface subcooling, the steam-He mixture has the highest measured condensation heat transfer coefficient, followed by the steam-N2 mixture and the steam-CO2 mixture has the lowest measured condensation heat transfer coefficient. It can be seen that in the condensation heat transfer process of steam in the presence of noncondensable gas the condensation heat transfer are mainly controlled by the conduction coefficient and diffusion coefficient of the gas film layer.The heat and mass transfer model of H2O/CO2 adsorption on aluminum activated F-200 was built to investigate the adsorption separation characteristics of H2O/CO2, and then the model was used to design of pressure swing and vacuum pressure swing adsorption devices. The correlation established in this paper was used to design condenser that used as condensation separation. Condensation coupled with pressure swing adsorption (CPSA) and condensation coupled with vacuum swing adsorption (CVSA) were used to separate CO2 from CO2/H2O mixtures, and then the technical and economic analysis was performed. Six methods are compared in terms of the energy consumption, separation efficiency and total annual costs for separating CO2/H2O mixtures. A parametric study shows that the total annual costs of all these methods increase as the CO2 composition and mass flow rate increase and decrease with increasing inlet gas pressure. The least total annual investment method is compression condensation recompression vacuum pressure swing adsorption (CcCVSA).