陶瓷型芯是实现航空发动机空心涡轮叶片复杂内腔的核心工艺部件，制备型芯的传统工艺受制于模具，难以实现双层壁等复杂结构型芯的一体化成形。发展陶瓷型芯的光固化增材制造技术可以为更高冷却效率的新一代叶片设计和制造提供更大自由度。本文针对光固化陶瓷增材制造技术的成形工艺及机理进行了系统研究。研究成果对高精度陶瓷增材制造技术发展和大尺寸复杂陶瓷型芯的实现具有理论指导意义。对于光固化陶瓷增材制造，高固含量、低黏度浆料制备、高精度坯体成形、层间缺陷及烧结性能控制是三大关键技术。本文以自由基丙烯酸树脂和HDDA为光聚合单体，配以不同粒度陶瓷粉体制备硅基和铝基的光固化陶瓷浆料，分析了粒径、固含量、树脂黏度、温度对浆料黏度的影响，并研究了分散剂与陶瓷粉体的相互作用机制，获得了固含量60vol%黏度为1.49Pa·s的光固化氧化铝浆料。分析了浆料沉降的分层过程，揭示了死沉淀形成原因。针对坯体成形，系统研究了浆料铺层和光固化工艺。分析了加料方式、刮刀高度、刮刀速度对涂层的影响，实现了最薄25μm的涂层厚度。分析了引发剂、光强对单层浆料光固化性能的影响，对光在浆料中的衰减系数进行了修正。通过单层固化层截面轮廓的提取及参数化，建立了圆球台阶模型，揭示尺寸精度误差和表面粗糙度的形成机制，并阐明了二者随坯体成形摆放角度的变化规律。针对坯体的典型缺陷，建立了液膜挤压力模型揭示错层缺陷和压溃缺陷的形成机制，通过弹性离型膜分离力分析阐明了坯体掉落及断裂形成原因，利用简支梁力学模型讨论了悬空面破裂及拱桥分层缺陷的形成。本文还系统研究了增材制造原生层状结构的演变、层间缺陷和强度建立机制。用二次曝光模型揭示坯体层间强度与浆料光聚合单体二次转化率的关系，明确了形成理想层间结合的条件。基于三阶段脱脂过程，结合坯体的层间强度指出了脱脂过程裂纹形成的关键阶段，明确了坯体层间结合强度对裂纹形式和尺寸的影响。针对层状结构的烧结致密化过程，提出了层间致密化滞后模型。最后，实现了双层壁陶瓷型芯及芯-壳一体化铸型的制备，完成了双层壁陶瓷型芯在单晶叶片浇注条件下的工艺验证，证实了光固化陶瓷增材制造应用于复杂陶瓷型芯成形及在更大领域推广的可行性。

Manufacturing of the ceramic core is the pivotal technology for producing the complex inner cavity of the hollow turbine blade of aeroengines. The traditional process is subject to the mold, and it is difficult to achieve the integrated manufacutring of cores with complex structures like the double-wall. The development of ceramic stereolithography technology for ceramic cores can provide more freedom for the design and manufacture of new-generation blades with higher cooling efficiency. This work studied the forming process and mechanism of ceramic stereolithography technology systematically. The results have theoretical guiding significance for the development of high-precision ceramic additive manufacturing technology and production of large-scale complex ceramic cores.The three key technologies of ceramic stereolithography are: the preparation of slurries with high solids and low viscosity, the formation of high-precision green parts, the control of interlayer defects and sintering properties. In this work, 10dimAl-01 and HDDA were used as monomers, and different sizes of ceramic powders were used to prepare silicon-based and aluminum-based photocurable ceramic slurries. The effects of particle size, solid content, resin viscosity, and temperature on slurry viscosity were analyzed. The mechanism of the dispersant in the ceramic powder was studied, and a slurry system with a solid content of 60vol% and a viscosity of less than 1.5Pa·s was obtained. In addition, the slurry stratification process in the slurry sedimentation process was analyzed, and the cause of the formation of dead sediment was revealed.For the forming process of the green parts, this work systematicly studied the slurry layup and light curing process. The effects of feeding method, blade height and blade speed on the coating were analyzed, and the thinnest coating thickness of 25μm was achieved. The influence of the initiator and light intensity on the stereolithogrphy parameters of the single-layer slurry was analyzed and the light energy attenuation coefficient was corrected. Then through the extraction and parameterization of the cross-sectional profile of the single cured layer, a spherical step model was established to illustrate the mechanism of dimensional accuracy error and surface roughness, the relationship of which with printing placement angle of the green part was clarified as well. A liquid film extrusion force model was established to reveal the mechanism of staggered defects and crush defects for green parts. The analysis of the separation force of the elastic releasing-film explains the phenomenon of the drop and fracture. The simple supported beam mechanical model was used to discuss the breakage of the suspended surface and the formation of delamination defects of the arch bridge.Besides, this work also systematically studied the evolution of the original layer-structure of additive manufacturing, interlayer defects and strength formation mechanism. A Multi-exposure model was built to show the relationship between the interlayer strength of the green part and the secondary conversion rate of monomers. And as the result, the conditions of the highest interlayer strength were obtained. Based on the three-stage degreasing process, this study combined with the interlayer strength of the green part to illustrate the key stage of crack formation during the degreasing process, and clarified its effect on the crack form and size. A hysteresis model of interlayer densification was proposed during sintering densification process of the layered structure, and the cause of performance anisotropy was indicated.Finally, a double-walled ceramic core and core-shell integrated casting mold were prepared, and the ceramic core was verificated in real single crystal blade casting. The feasibility of the application of ceramic stereolithography in the manufacture of complex ceramic cores and other larger fields was confirmed.