高拱坝结构变形破坏问题突出，其变形破坏机制至今仍未被完全解决。拱坝的地质力学模型试验研究虽然方法成熟，但检测评价方法单一；以往的位移分析方法存在主观性大、无法反映微小断裂、只关注表面裂纹，无法反映拱坝内部破坏信息等缺陷。本文引入声发射检测技术，针对拱坝模型试验噪音多、材料软、结构复杂等难题，开展了模型试验噪音滤除、参数评价、源定位等方法研究，并与数值模拟方法和不平衡力评价指标联合对比分析。最后，针对当下坝工界研究的热点库盆变形问题，开展了锦屏一级拱坝蓄水过程中库盆变形研究。本文的主要工作与创新性成果如下：（1）噪音滤除方法研究：基于频谱分析和时频分析获得了拱坝模型试验中的重晶石粉材料、石膏材料、坝体模型等破坏过程中声发射信号的主频、上升时间、能量等特征，提出了基于主频、上升时间和能量等波形特征的拱坝声发射噪音滤除方法。（2）参数评价方法研究：提出了声发射撞击数统计参数HPS，构建了基于HPS和能量评价拱坝变形破坏机制的新提法；指出了声发射b值参数与拱坝破坏的相关性，b值降低可能预示了拱坝破坏的加剧；该方法在孟底沟拱坝模型试验中取得了良好的应用效果。（3）源定位方法研究：提出了多元回归平面定位方法，构建了融入信号到时拾取、波速衰减的拱坝声发射源平面定位计算框架；该方法是声发射源定位技术在拱坝模型试验中应用的初步探索，根据在QBT拱坝中的应用效果，低超载倍数下定位误差较小，高超载倍数下定位误差较大；拱坝结构中的声发射源定位方法仍需进一步探索。（4）试验—数值联合对比分析：指出了声发射与不平衡力在评价拱坝破坏方面的相关性；提出了利用声发射与不平衡力联合评价拱坝变形破坏的一般方法；指出了拱坝拉压破坏区声发射与不平衡力的差异性。（5）实际蓄水库盆变形研究：提出了锦屏一级拱坝蓄水库盆变形的规律为低高程库盆边坡上抬、高高程库盆边坡下沉；分析了锦屏一级拱坝左岸坝肩边坡的横河向变形和竖直向变形相关性；初步说明了蓄水后岩基的孔隙塑性有效应力改变可能是其蓄水初期库盆变形的机制。

The deformation and failure of high arch dam structures are outstanding issues for engineering, whose mechanisms have not been completely solved. Although the research method of geomechanical model test of arch dam is sophisticated, the method of detection and evaluation is too single. The displacement analysis method used has some defects, such as subjectivity, unable to detect the micro fracture, only focusing on the surface crack, and unable to reflect the internal failure information of arch dam. In this paper, Acoustic Emission (AE) technique is introduced to solve these problems. In order to solve the problems of noise, soft material and complex structure in geomechanical model test of arch dam, we carried out the research on noise filtering, parameter analysis and source localization in it. These methods are compared with numerical simulation. Finally, in view of the important issue of reservoir basin deformation during impounding in high arch dam engineering, the deformation law of Jinping-I arch dam was studied. The major achievements are listed as below:(1) Noise filtering method: AE wave characteristics, such as dominant frequency, rise time, energy, in the failure process of barite powder material, gypsum material and dam body in the geomechanical model test are obtained based on the spectrum analysis and time-frequency analysis, and the noise filtering method of AE signals is proposed based on these characteristics.(2) Parameter analysis method: the AE statistical parameter, HPS, which means hits per second, is proposed, and a general method to evaluate deformation and failure mechanism of arch dam is built based on HPS and energy. The correlation between the AE b-value and the failure of arch dam is pointed out, which is that when the AE b-value decreases, the failure of arch dam intensifies. The parameter analysis method has gotten a good application in the geomechanical model test of Mengdigou arch dam.(3) Source localization method: a time differential localization method based on multiple regression analysis is proposed, and a calculation framework of AE planar localization of arch dam is constructed, which contains arrival time pick-up of AE signals and wave velocity attenuation. It’s a preliminary exploration of applying the AE source localization technique in the geomechanical model test of arch dam. According to the application results in QBT arch dam, the localization error is small under the low overload, while that is great under the high overload, which means 4.0P0 or more. The AE source localization method in the geomechanical model test of arch dam needs to be further explored.(4) Comparative analysis of experimental and numerical simulations: the correlation between AE and unbalanced force in the evaluation of arch dam failure is pointed out. A general method to evaluate the arch dam failure is proposed by the combination of AE and unbalanced force. The difference of the HPS and unbalanced force between upstream and downstream of arch dam is pointed out.(5) Basin deformation analysis during the real impounding: the basin deformation law of Jinping-I arch dam is proposed, which is that the basin slope at low elevation irreversibly uplifts and the basin slope at high elevation irreversibly subsides. The correlations between the transverse deformation and the vertical deformation of the left slope of Jinping-I arch dam are analyzed. The change of poroplastic effective stress of rock foundation during initial impounding could be the mechanism of basin deformation.