睡眠与健康息息相关，占据了人类约三分之一的生命时间，但当前存在的睡眠问题十分严重，人们对睡眠热环境的需求没有得到满足。然而，现有针对睡眠热环境的研究缺乏机理分析，研究成果也未能形成标准化方法。由于对被褥热阻的研究不足，已有的睡眠热环境研究局限于被褥形式固定、仅改变环境温度的模式。同时由于被褥热阻的难以确定，也使得已有的热环境评价模型不便应用于实际睡眠热环境设计。其次，现有的空调睡眠模式主要是从节能角度出发，没有考虑到用户的实际需求，已有的变温睡眠热环境研究也未得出规律性结论，同时很少有研究考虑到睡前热环境对睡眠的影响。针对上述问题，笔者通过开展一系列系统性的调研和实验工作，明确热环境对睡眠质量改善的重要作用，从恒温和变温环境两个角度出发，提出适宜睡眠热环境的营造和评价方法，为室内环境标准的合理制定或进一步完善提供依据。主要包括以下内容：首先，通过大规模网络调查获得了我国居民睡眠质量现状，对睡眠环境的主观评价，以及睡眠着装、寝具使用习惯和环境控制方法。并通过初步的现场调查，获得了环境参数和生理参数在白天和夜间的分布变化，卡诺模型的分析结果表明热环境为睡眠环境必备型需求。其次，根据64组被褥系统的实测数据，以单位面积质量、覆盖率、睡衣热阻为变量，建立了常见填充材质覆盖物组成的被褥系统的总热阻计算方法，其中包括了被罩和睡衣带来的热阻增量的估算。并通过气候室实验和现场调查，给出了被褥微环境温度随环境温度和被褥热阻变化的分布规律，得到了整体中性和非中性下的局部热感觉特性。而后，对变温睡眠环境展开了实验研究，研究结果表明，通过睡前环境和睡眠环境的配合，可以减少入睡期的胸足温差，增加散热量，从而降低睡眠潜伏期。同时发现在冬季工况中，受试者可以通过自行调节覆盖率而基本达到热中性，热中性状态下，环境温度稍低而覆盖率稍高，可以使皮肤温度更加稳定，增加深睡眠时间。最后，根据气候室实验和现场调查，确定并验证了关于被褥热阻和环境温度的舒适区间。进一步根据被褥热阻的计算方法，将舒适区间转化为被子单位面积质量、覆盖率和环境温度之间的关系。在此基础上，针对PMV模型中与睡眠相关的的关键参数进行了修正，利用热阻修正弥补了PMV集总计算的局限性，使得修正后的PMV模型可以应用于睡眠热环境评价。
Sleep is closely linked to health and accounts for about a third of our lives. However, the current sleep problem is very serious. One of the reason is that the thermal comfort requirements of sleep environmrnt have not been satisfied. The existing research on the sleep thermal environment lacks mechanism analysis, and the research results have not been standardized. Due to the lack of research on the thermal resistance of bedding, the present research on the thermal environment of sleep is limited to the mode that the bedding form is fixed and only the ambient temperature is changed. Meanwhile, the difficulties in determining the thermal resistance of bedding make the existing thermal environment evaluation model unapplicable to the actual sleep thermal environment design. Additionally, the current air-conditioning sleep modes are mainly concerned the requirement of energy saving, without considering the thermal comfort requirements of users. Existing studies on the sleep thermal environment of variable temperature have not reached regular conclusions, and few studies have taken the influence of thermal environment on sleep before sleep into account. In order to solve the above problems, the systemic thermal comfort field studies and laboratory experiments were carried out in this thesis. From the perspective of both constant and variable temperature environment, the important role of thermal environment to improve sleep quality has verified. Rational sleep thermal environment design and evaluation method has been established. The research work was as follows:Firstly, the current situation of sleep quality, subjective evaluation of sleep environment, sleep clothing, bedding habits and environmental control methods of Chinese residents were obtained through a large-scale online survey. Through the preliminary field investigation, the distribution of environmental parameters and physiological parameters in day and night was obtained. The analysis results of Kano model show that thermal environment is a mast-be quality of sleep environment.Secondly, according to the measured data of 64 bedding systems, the calculation method of the total thermal resistance of bedding system was established by taking unit area mass, coverage rate and thermal resistance of sleepwear as variables, including the estimation of thermal resistance increment caused by quilt cover and sleepwear. Based on climate chamber experiment and field study, the distribution law of the change of bedding temperature with the air temperature and the bedding insulation is given, as well as the local thermal sensation characteristics of the overall neutral and non-neutral conditions. Thirdly, experimental studies on the variable temperature sleep environment was carried out. The results showed that through the cooperation between the before-sleep environment and the sleep environment, the distal-promixal temperature gradient could be reduced, and the heat loss could be increased, which leads to the decrease of sleep onset lantency. Meanwhile, it was found that subjects could reach thermal neutrality through self-adjustment of coverage in winter conditions. In thermal neutrality state, with slightly lower ambient temperature and higher the coverage rate, subjects could have more stable skin temperature and longer deep sleep.Finally, the comfort zone of bedding insulation and ambient temperature was determined and verified based on the chamber experiments and field studies. Furthermore, according to the calculation method of bedding insulation, the comfort zone has converted into the relationship between the quality of quilt unit area, coverage rate and ambient temperature. On this basis, the key parameters related to sleep in the PMV model are modified. To compensate for the limitations of lumped PMV calculation, the bedding insulation was corrected by air temperature. The modified PMV model can be applied to the evaluation of sleep thermal environment.
