失独家庭作为计划生育困境家庭之一，他们是社会的弱势群体，也是一个特殊的群体，既遭受着丧亲这一精神重创，又面临着老龄化社会养老难的境遇。同时，日常生活中存在着缺乏照顾，社会疏离现象，损害自身的身心健康。目前，这一群体数量已近百万。实现人民群众的辛福生活，他们作为曾经的计划生育政策拥护者，是不应该被遗忘的人群。以往关于失独家庭的研究多集中于失独家庭养老政策、心理健康状况、权益保障、帮扶体系建立、需求研究、社会支持网络研究、精神抚慰关爱等领域。社会工作介入研究多以个案、优势视角、抗逆力等为主。而忽略了失独家庭这一群体特征的复杂性、以及后现代项目管理运作方式下对社会工作介入服务投入产出的社会效益的重视。本研究以个案管理和小组社会工作作为介入失独家庭帮扶的主要方式，首先，通过对北京市Y街道33户失独家庭含53位失独者进行问卷调查和深入访谈，了解其身心状况与需求。其次，通过筛查，选取其中5位情况复杂、需求多样的失独者进行个案管理社会工作介入，对另外15位情况和需求相近的失独者采取小组社会工作进行帮扶。最后，通过对其前后心理状态提升、社会交往状况改变、个案管理对象问题解决等情况进行前后测，说明帮扶的效果。本研究的创新之处，一是将个案管理引入失独家庭社会工作服务的研究和实践，为失独家庭服务提供了新视角和新模式；二是探索形成了个案管理和小组介入失独家庭帮服社会工作实务方案；三是尝试发现在资源相对有限的情况下失独家庭社会工作介入的优化路径。

As one of the family planning dilemma families, the ONLY-child died family is a social vulnerable group and a special group. They are not only suffering from the spiritual trauma of bereavement, but also facing the old-age care difficulties in the aging society. At the same time, there is a lack of care in daily life, social alienation and other phenomena, damage their physical and mental health. At present, this group Numbers nearly one million. To realize the happy life of the people, they should not be forgotten as the supporters of the family planning policy. In the past, the researches on the ONLY-child died families mainly focused on the pension policy, mental health status, rights and interests protection, the establishment of support system, demand research, social support network research, spiritual comfort and care and other fields. The research on social work intervention mainly focuses on individual cases, dominant perspectives and resilience. However, it ignores the complexity of the group characteristics of the widowed family and the emphasis on the social benefits of the input and output of social work under the post-modern project management.In this study, case management and group social work were used as the main ways to intervene in the support of families with lost only child. First of all, 53 people with lost only child from 33 families with lost only child in Y street, Beijing were investigated by questionnaire and in-depth interview to understand their physical and mental conditions and needs. Secondly, through screening, 5 of them with complicated situations and diverse needs were selected for case management and social work intervention, and the other 15 with similar conditions and needs were helped by group social work. Finally, the effects of the help were demonstrated by measuring the improvement of psychological state, the change of social communication status, and the problem solving of the object of case management.The innovation of this study is to introduce case management into the research and practice of social work services for families with lost only child, which provides a new perspective and model for family services with lost only child. The second is to explore the formation of case management and group involvement in the social work of the family to help; Third, it tries to find the optimal way of social work intervention for families who have lost their only child under the circumstance of relatively limited resources.